Protection of intellectual property embedded in potentially reproducible living organisms presents some unique and difficult challenges. Biological innovations like genetically modified (GM) seed are self-replicating, and as a result, represent a form of durable good with a potential product life extending far into the future. This gives rise to two problems: the need for copy protection of int...

Many archaea colonize extreme environments. They include hyperthermophiles, sulfur-metabolizing thermophiles, extreme halophiles and methanogens. Because extremophilic microorganisms have unusual properties, they are a potentially valuable resource in the development of novel biotechnological processes. Despite extensive research, however, there are few existing industrial applications of eithe...

Abstract The aim of this study was the production biological preparations based on hydrolyzed pea flour and yeast biomass. research objects were Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y-1218 with glucoamylase activity, flour, Celloviridin S20X Amyloprotoorizin enzyme (EP). specific growth rate determined by calculation method, protein content – via Kjeldahl Lowry methods, reducing substances Somogyi-Nelson a...

Industrial biotechnology or white biotechnology is an area of growing academic, public and private interest. The global white (or industrial) biotechnology market of ~50 billion US$ is smaller than the red biotechnology (pharmaceutical) market (>70 billion US$). However, industrial white biotechnology represents a greater long term business potential than red biotechnology. It is estimated that...

Biotechnological processes represent a challenge into the control field, due to its high non linearity. Particularly, continuous alcoholic fermentation by Zymomonas mobilis presents high ethanol performance, but it shows highly oscillatory behaviour in process variables, because of the influence of inhibition dynamics (rate of ethanol concentration Z and I) over Biomass, Substrate and Product c...

The author provides a thorough image of different aspects of biodiesel, including history, economical and political issues, technological and production retrospectives and future trends in this industrial sector. Tough the history of biodiesel looks short and well-known there are certain facts that show that it is a much older phenomenon in the history of technology which so far is not entire b...