plant spacing and nitrogen are the most important factors for increasing tuberose quality and quantity. in this study, field experiment carried out as factorial randomized completely block design (rcbd) in 3 replications. different levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 kg/ha) of ammonium nitrate was used. second factor was different plant spaces (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm). results showed th...

Flower colour is mainly due to the presence and type of pigments. Pollinator preferences impose selection on flower that ultimately acts Knowing how pollinators perceive flowers with different pigments becomes crucial for a comprehensive understanding plant-pollinator communication evolution. Based space models, we studied whether main groups pollinators, specifically hymenopterans, dipterans, ...

---Biodiversity is a function of web of interactions taking place between plants and animals. The interactions between them are very complex, intricate and function in association with the abiotic environment. Since biodiversity is the key for the structural and functional integrity of ecosystems and it is the foundation for the very survival and sustainability of life on this planet, it is imp...

Neotropical parrots forage for various food items such as seeds, fruit pulp, flowers, young leaves, and even arthropods. While foraging, many species wander over large areas that include both open and closed habitats. In this study, I examined parrot foraging activity during a brief synchronous and massive flowering in August 1998 in a tecoma savanna (dominated by Tabebuia aurea) in the souther...

despite the consensus of jurists (fokaha) in safe custody of property (haraz) as one of the punishable conditions when the theft happens, some jurists made an exception in bird case. it means that stealing the bird would not subject to punishment namely cut off the thief's hand, even if the bird was in safe custody.  many of  fokaha, however,  believe that if the bird is in safe custody, t...

despite the consensus of jurists (fokaha) in safe custody of property (haraz) as one of the punishable conditions when the theft happens, some jurists made an exception in bird case. it means that stealing the bird would not subject to punishment namely cut off the thief's hand, even if the bird was in safe custody.  many of  fokaha, however,  believe that if the bird is in safe custody, t...

BACKGROUND Most tropical and subtropical plants are biotically pollinated, and insects are the major pollinators. A small but ecologically and economically important group of plants classified in 28 orders, 67 families and about 528 species of angiosperms are pollinated by nectar-feeding bats. From a phylogenetic perspective this is a derived pollination mode involving a relatively large and en...

city parks play an important role in the welfare of metropolitan people. higher species richness of birds can be considered as a reflection of the health of the park and may satisfy visitors to a higher extent being in a more natural environment. we studied the influence of area and shape of city parks on bird species richness and diversity. 13 parks from among the 35 main city parks in isfahan...