Most highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (AIV) emerge after field passage of non-pathogenic AIVs in birds. The outbreak of low-pathogenic H7N1 avian influenza virus in Italy during 1999-2000 followed by outbreak of highly pathogenic H7N1 avian influenza virus is one example in this regard. This experiment has been designed to investigate the effect of pre-infection of birds with LPAI on s...

This research was conducted to find out the effect of peppermint and basil as natural feed additives on broiler performance. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of the peppermint (Mentha pipreitae) and basil (Ocimum basilicum) as a feed additive on live body weight (LBW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass weight, abdomina...

In a 42-d experiment, 576 one-day-old Vencobb 308 broiler chicks were used to investigate the effects of lecithin extract (0.5 g/kg), choline chloride 60% (1 g/kg) and Bio choline (1 g/kg) in diets of moderate and high energy in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement on performance and certain physiological traits in broiler chickens. The inclusion of Bio choline and lecithin extract in the diet signifi...

The effects of body size and feed intake on N digestibility, pancreas and liver weight, and digestive enzyme activities in male broiler chicks were compared with those induced by dietary tannins. Four groups (SSM, ad lib., pair-fed and young) of sixteen birds each (2 weeks old) were used as experimental animals. They were fed on experimental diets for 4 weeks, except the young group which were ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of three levels of threonine (100, 95 and 90% of NRC requirements) with or without of multi strains probiotic (Primalac) on performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites of Japanese quails. A total of 180 one-day-old male Japanese quails were randomly allocated to six treatments with three replicates and 10 birds per each. ...

in a 42-d experiment, 576 one-day-old vencobb 308 broiler chicks were used to investigate the effects of lecithin extract (0.5 g/kg), choline chloride 60% (1 g/kg) and bio choline (1 g/kg) in diets of moderate and high energy in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement on performance and certain physiological traits in broiler chickens. the inclusion of bio choline and lecithin extract in the diet signifi...

the aim of this study is to determine of mercury levels in various internal organs of the fereydunkenar international wetland’s birds for the first time and to determine the influence of this metal on their health. this study has been done in the fereydunkenar international wetland where is the most important wetland habitat of the central areas of hyrcanian ecosystem. fereydunkenar internation...

1. The effects of restricted feeding, and ad lib. feeding following food restriction, on hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the laying hen were studied. 2. The birds were allocated to four groups and given either 92, 84 or 75 g/d or allowed ad lib. access to food. 3. Food restriction significantly reduced liver total lipid content compared with ad lib.-fed control birds and this was r...

introduction under commercial conditions broiler are feed restricted during rearing to limit growth rate. this quantitative restriction of feed intake aims at avoiding rapid growth and high body weights, which are associated with pathological conditions, such as ascites, lameness, and mortality. feed restriction (fr) in breeder layer hens was rarely and fr used for poor reproductive results and...