Investigations into the cause and control of the production of sulfuric acid in effluents of coal mines, and the effects of such effluents upon streams were begun in 1946.1 Working and abandoned mines of Western Pennsylvania alone contribute an estimated million tons of sulfuric acid per year to the drainage area of the Ohio River. A field survey of mine drainage and receiving streams was inaug...

UNLABELLED Two acid mine drainage (AMD) sites in the Appalachian bituminous coal basin were selected to enrich for Fe(II)-oxidizing microbes and measure rates of low-pH Fe(II) oxidation in chemostatic bioreactors. Microbial communities were enriched for 74 to 128 days in fed-batch mode, then switched to flowthrough mode (additional 52 to 138 d) to measure rates of Fe(II) oxidation as a function...

Understanding and modeling of coal and biomass pyrolysis assume particular importance being the first step occurring in both gasification and combustion processes. The complex chemical reaction network occurring in this step leads to a necessary effort in developing a suitable model framework capable of grasping the physics of the phenomenon and allowing a deeper comprehension of the sequence o...

Sewage sludge is composed of organic and inorganic materials. The organic portion of the sludge is predominantly composed of C, H, ti, and S. On a dry-basis, the heating value of sludge is greater than that of oil shale or tar sand. The volatile matter content of dry sludge can be higher than that of the high volatile bituminous coal. Available correlations in the literature, developed for coal...

The effect of demineralization on Indian bituminous coal by filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger has been investigated. X-ray diffraction profile reveals the presence of inorganic components in the sample. Biosolubilised products were characterized by FT-IR, SEM-EDS and XRD. The study reveals that coal consist of a semi-crystalline turbostratic structure. The broad diffraction peak at 20~25.5 a...

The adsorptive capacity of powdered activated carbon (PAC) is related to the size of the target adsorbate compared with the quantity of pores with sufficient pore diameter into which the adsorbate may diffuse (i.e., the effective internal surface area). The adsorptive capacity of PACs are commonly characterized using aqueous-phase indices such as iodine (I2), methylene blue (MB), p-nitrophenol ...

IN T R O D U C T IO N The major material utilized in the construction of the roads, streets and highways of this country is asphalt. Of the nation’s 3.84 million miles of roads, 1.86 million are paved, hard-surfaced structures. 1.74 million or 94% of these paved roads are constructed of asphalt (Fig. 1). Likewise, within the state of Indiana, 83% or about 9300 miles of the 11,200 miles under th...

The bituminous pavement rehabilitation alternatives are mainly overlaying, recycling and reconstruction. In the recycling process the material from deteriorated pavement, known as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), is partially or fully reused in fresh construction. Some of the advantages associated with pavement recycling are (i) less user delay (ii) conservation of energy (iii) preservation of...