The biochemical era of blood coagulation research begins toward the end of the 19th century, primarily with the work of Alexander Schmidt1 and Paul Morawitz,2 who hypothesized that the fundamental reactions involved in clotting included the activation of prothrombin to thrombin by thromboplastins and the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin. Throughout the first half of the twentieth ...

during the recent decades, substantial changes are made in the borders and contents of physiology as a basic course for the students in medicine. here some strategies are presented to preserve the classical and integrative approaches in teaching physiology, while these approaches extent our knowledge to molecular, sub-cellular and cellular levels.

Blood transfusion in burns larger than 20% total body surface area (TBSA) are frequent due to operative procedures, blood sampling, and physiologic response to burn injury. Optimizing the use of blood transfusions requires an understanding of the physiology of burn injury, the risks and benefits of blood transfusion, and the indications for transfusion. Age also plays a role in determining bloo...

In the last two decades, interest has grown significantly in investigation of role trace amines and their receptors mammalian physiology pathology. Trace amine-associated receptor 9 (TAAR9) is one least studied members this family with unidentified endogenous ligands an unknown central nervous system periphery. study, we generated new TAAR9 knockout (TAAR9-KO) rat strains by CRISPR-Cas9 technol...