Toxic algal blooms are an important problem worldwide. The literature on toxic cyanobacteria blooms in inland waters reports widely divergent results on whether zooplankton can control cyanobacteria blooms or cyanobacteria suppress zooplankton by their toxins. Here we test whether this may be due to genotype × genotype interactions, in which interactions between the large-bodied and efficient g...

The mammalian gut harbors a dense microbial community interacting in multiple ways, including horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Pangenome analyses established particularly high levels of genetic flux between Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae. However, the mechanisms fostering intraenterobacterial HGT are incompletely understood. Using a mouse colitis model, we found that Salmonella-inflicted enter...

This study examines the species composition and seasonality of “green tides” (i.e., blooms of ulvoid macroalgae including Enteromorpha Link, Monostroma Thuret, Ulva (L.) Thuret, and Ulvaria Ruprecht spp.) in the northeastern Pacific region. Macroalgal blooms have been blamed for eradicating seagrass meadows, altering faunal community structure, and creating unsightly, malodorous piles on beache...

Background: Anthropogenic activities are believed to have caused an increase in the magnitude, frequency, and extent of macroalgal blooms in marine and estuarine environments. These blooms may contribute to declines in seagrasses and non-blooming macroalgal beds, increasing hypoxia, and reductions in the diversity of benthic invertebrates. However, they may also provide other marine organisms w...

Golden alga, Prymnesium parvum, has become a rising concern in terms of conservation. This is due to the toxic blooms they create that kill populations of fish and phytoplankton. P. parvum produce prymnesin toxins, which cause the blooms to be so dangerous. Previous research has claimed that prymnesins lyse cells and toxify other cells, neurons and fish. Specifically, the toxins have been shown...

Lakes, rivers and estuaries that experience frequent and/or prolonged blooms of cyanobacteria display an array of ecosystem properties that may have impacts on water quality, biological communities and ecosystem services. Some impacts of blooms may be direct, including possible effects of toxins on fish, invertebrates, and other aquatic fauna, or indirect, including: a reduction of submerged pl...

BLOOMS (Jain et al, ISWC2010, to appear) is an ontology alignment system which, in its core, utilizes the Wikipedia category hierarchy for establishing alignments. In this paper, we present a Plug-and-Play extension to BLOOMS, which allows to flexibly replace or complement the use of Wikipedia by other online or offline resources, including domain-specific ontologies or taxonomies. By making us...

Dinoflagellate blooms in coastal upwelling systems are restricted to times and places with reduced exchange and mixing. The Rías Baixas of Galicia are four bays in the NW Iberian upwelling with these characteristics where harmful algal blooms (HABs) of dinoflagellates are common. These blooms are especially recurrent at the end of the upwelling season, when autumn downwelling amplifies accumula...

Surface sediments are closely related to lake black blooms. The dissolved oxygen (DO) distribution and its penetration depth in surface sediments as well as the migration and transformation of redox sensitive elements such as Fe and S at the sediment-water interface are important factors that could influence the formation of the black bloom. In this study, dredged and undredged sediment cores w...