The yeast flora associated with healthy and Botrytis-infected grapes was assessed. Molecular identification methods assigned isolates to six genera and nine species. For the first time Hanseniaspora opuntiae was encountered as an inhabitant of the grape ecosystem. By using DraI, an informative restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern was generated to distinguish H. opuntiae from the clo...

There are several agrochemicals to control Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent for gray mold in grapes, and new ones are being developed. The fungicides used to control Botrytis in vineyards of the Champagne are presented together with some of their deleterious effects on non-target species. Until recently, fungicides basically belonged to three groups: the carbamates, the benzimidazoles, and th...

Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are plant proteins that counteract fungal polygalacturonases, which are important virulence factors. Like many other plant defense proteins, PGIPs are encoded by gene families, but the roles of individual genes in these families are poorly understood. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis, two tandemly duplicated PGIP genes are upregulated coordinately ...

The AP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs) comprise one of the largest gene superfamilies in plants. These TFs perform vital roles in plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, 171 AP2/ERF TFs were identified in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis), one of the most important horticultural crops in Brassica. Among these TFs, 15, 9, and 1 TFs ...

It has been suggested (P. W. Brian, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 43:1, 1960) that the antibiotic griseofulvin affects only those fungi possessing chitin in their cell wall, but there is a growing body of evidence which makes it unlikely that the presence of chitin is the sole prerequisite for the action of the antibiotic. For instance, K. J. Bent and R. H. Moore (Biochemical Studies of Anti-microbi...

BACKGROUND Ramaria botrytis (Pers.) Ricken, a member of the family Clavariaceae, has been widely prescribed for anti-aging and improving immunity. To extract and purify the polysaccharides, the main constituent of the fruiting-body, from R. botrytis and explore antioxidant activities was great significant. RESULTS Ramaria botrytis polysaccharides (RBP) was extracted with water at 88.47 °C for...

At least five of the six genes of the bikaverin secondary metabolic gene cluster were shown to have undergone horizontal transfer (HGT) from a Fusarium donor to the Botrytis lineage. Of these five, two enzyme-encoding genes are found as pseudogenes in B. cinerea whereas two regulatory genes and the transporter remain intact. To reconstruct the evolutionary events leading to decay of this gene c...

Mold and mildew can develop in both indoor and outdoor gardens but tends to be more devastating indoors, and can wipe out an entire crop if it is not controlled. Ultraviolet (UV) light can be used to eradicate mold spores that accumulate on floors or that spread via air currents. The primary mold spore of concern is usually Botrytis cinerea, a ubiquitous fungi that often contaminates soil and i...

The tomato protein kinase 1 (TPK1b) gene encodes a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase localized to the plasma membrane. Pathogen infection, mechanical wounding, and oxidative stress induce expression of TPK1b, and reducing TPK1b gene expression through RNA interference (RNAi) increases tomato susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea and to feeding by larvae of tobacco hornworm (...