This paper describes our experience in the management of the pharyngocutaneous post-laryngectomy fistula with Botulinum neurotoxin-A injections into both parotid glands. It includes the rationale of the treatment, the physiological and pharmacological basis for this clinical application, the injection technique and the good results achieved. Our findings suggest that Botulinum neurotoxin offers...

Botulism is neuromuscular paralysis secondary to a neurotoxin secreted from Clostridium Botulinum bacteria. It is a rare syndrome as a result of food poisoning with the spore-forming clostridium bacteria. The ingested food is contaminated with the pre-secreted botulinum toxin. Infant botulism occurs with the ingestion of the clostridial spores that later germinate and colonize the intestine and...

Botulism is neuromuscular paralysis secondary to a neurotoxin secreted from Clostridium Botulinum bacteria. It is a rare syndrome as a result of food poisoning with the spore-forming clostridium bacteria. The ingested food is contaminated with the pre-secreted botulinum toxin. Infant botulism occurs with the ingestion of the clostridial spores that later germinate and colonize the intestine and...

Botulism is neuromuscular paralysis secondary to a neurotoxin secreted from Clostridium Botulinum bacteria. It is a rare syndrome that results from food poisoning with the spore-forming clostridium bacteria. The ingested food is contaminated with the pre-secreted botulinum toxin. Infant botulism occurs with the ingestion of the clostridia spores that later germinate and colonize the intestine a...

Background: Food-born botulism is caused by ingestion of contaminated food with clostridium botulinum neurotoxin. Case: In food-born botulism, due to acetylcholine release blockade, neuromuscular signs and symptoms are common, but in this case report we present a food-born botulism with papiledema and venous sinus thrombosis. Conclusion: Papiledema and fever could not rule out the diagnosis...

Description: BOTOX COSMETIC (Botulinum Toxin Type A) Purified Neurotoxin Complex is a sterile, vacuum-dried purified botulinum toxin type A, produced from fermentation of Hall strain Clostridium botulinum type A grown in a medium containing casein hydrolysate, glucose and yeast extract. It is purified from the culture solution by dialysis and a series of acid precipitations to a complex consist...

Botulism is neuromuscular paralysis secondary to a neurotoxin secreted from Clostridium Botulinum bacteria. It is a rare syndrome as a result of food poisoning with the spore-forming clostridium bacteria. The ingested food is contaminated with the pre-secreted botulinum toxin. Infant botulism occurs with the ingestion of the clostridial spores that later germinate and colonize the intestine and...

A robust poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surface treatment was utilized for the development of a self-pumping lab-on-a-chip (LOC) to rapidly detect minute quantities of toxic substances. One such toxin, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), is an extremely lethal substance, which has the potential to cause hundreds of thousands of fatalities if as little as a few grams are released into the environment. T...

Production of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) and associated non-toxic proteins (ANTPs), which include a non-toxic non-haemagglutinin (NTNH/A) as well as haemagglutinins (HAs), was found previously to be dependent upon an RNA polymerase alternative sigma factor (BotR/A). Expression of the botR/A, bont/A and antp genes, monitored by reverse transcription and real-time PCR analysis, occurred conc...

Clostridium botulinum serotype A produces a neurotoxin composed of a 100-kDa heavy chain and a 50-kDa light chain linked by a disulfide bond. This neurotoxin is part of a ca. 900-kDa complex, formed by noncovalent association with a single nontoxin, nonhemagglutinin subunit and a family of hemagglutinating proteins. Previous work has suggested, although never conclusively demonstrated, that neu...