This paper presents direct comparisons of related visualization and hot film measurement studies of the nonlinear, late stages of transition in a boundary layer. The preceding nonlinear stages of the transition process are well documented in previous studies. Both the visualizations and measurements were performed with controlled disturbance conditions excited by an instability wave in a flat-p...

Boundary layer transition is a critical parameter in the design of fluid flow systems. This situation is due to the dramatic change in both entropy production and heat transfer that accompanies it. It is well recognized that many parameters affect the location of transition onset, however, no models exist which unify all these parameters. This paper presents a new hypothesis that the driving fo...

The computation of boundary layer properties and laminar-to-turbulent transition location is a very complex problem, generally not undertaken in the context of aircraft design. Yet if an aircraft is to exploit the advantages of laminar flow and proper trade-offs between inviscid drag, structural weight, and skin friction are to be made, this is just what must be done. This paper summarizes a de...

High-speed boundary-layer transition is extremely sensitive to the free-stream disturbances which are often uncertain. This uncertainty compromises predictions of models and simulations. To enhance fidelity simulations, we directly infuse them with available observations. Our methodology general can be adopted any simulation tool, herein demonstrated using direct numerical An ensemble variation...