Water movement affects carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures of algae, possibly through effects on boundarylayer thickness. We describe a laboratory experiment carried out in artificial streams, which supports this hypothesis. Periphyton d13C and d15N signatures were significantly depleted in 13C and 15N when grown at higher water velocity over the range of 5–62 cm s21, the normal range found...

Underwater flow sensing is important for many robotics and military applications, including underwater robots and vessels. We report the development of micromachined, distributed flow sensors based on a biological inspiration, the fish lateral line sensors. Design and fabrication processes for realizing individual lateral line sensor nodes are discussed in this paper, along with preliminary cha...

a = speed of sound e = integrated amplification ratio for a linear instability, usually from location of first instability to transition k = roughness height Mw = Mach number at the nozzle wall, at the boundarylayer edge M1 = Mach number in the freestream N factor = ln A=A0, the linear-theory amplification ratio from onset of instability A0 usually to measured transition A Pmean = mean pitot pr...

We have successfully implemented an explicit cloud scheme within the Florida State University Global Spectral Model. This includes the liquid water mixing ratio and cloud fractions as two additional dependant variables. The main purpose of this extension is two fold: we wished to improve our global cloud forecasting capability (low, medium and high clouds) and to have a better definition of the...