the respiratory tract contains numerous peptides secreted from special pulmonary epithelial cells whichare called endocrine cells. the function of neuroendocrine cells is modulated by amines. serotonin has strong vasomotor and bronchomotor effects in the airway mucosa. the objective of this study was to determine presence and distribution of serotonin-positive endocrine cells in respiratory tra...

on june 2005, a respiratory disease was observed in the chickens of a large broiler farm in kermanshahprovince, west of iran. relatively severe respiratory signs started with sneezing at 27 days of age. thedisease lasted up to the end of fattening period and accompanied by increased mortality (13.6%). at postmortemexamination, tracheitis, airsacculitis and pneumonia were obvious. serologic exam...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to detect the associations between bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) status of a herd and respiratory disease (BRD) occurrence and reproductive performance in pregnant heifers and cows. The association between management-related factors and higher BRD occurrence was also estimated. METHODS Serum samples, collected from cows and youngstock from 103 dairy cattle ...

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an economically important disease of cattle and continues to be an intensely studied topic. However, literature summarizing the time between pathogen exposure and clinical signs, shedding, and seroconversion is minimal. A structured literature review of the published literature was performed to determine cattle responses (time from pathogen exposure to clinic...

Bovine respiratory disease is a complex of bacterial and viral infections of economic and welfare importance to the beef industry. Although tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) has microbicidal activity against bacterial pathogens causing bovine respiratory disease, risk factors for bovine respiratory disease including BVDV and stress (glucocorticoids) have been shown to inhibit the induced exp...

Bovine pasteurellosis is known by a number of synonyms that are descriptive of the condition and are relevant in specific circumstances. The terms shipping fever, transit fever, bovine enzootic pneumonia, and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex are all very meaningful terms used to describe the disease. It is believed that in the United States, the losses to the beef and dairy industries f...

Factors associated with identifying an appropriate dose and dosing regimen for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease include the activity of a given drug against common respiratory bacterial pathogens and the ability of the drug to gain access to the site of infection. Although randomized prospective field trials are the best means of determining the relative efficacy of antimicrobial age...

This issue of Animal Health Research Reviews contains the Proceedings of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Symposium 2014: ‘New Approaches to Bovine Respiratory Disease Prevention, Management and Diagnosis’, which was held on July 30 and 31, 2014 in Denver, Colorado, USA. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains a leading cause of illness, death and decreased productivity for cattle in North Ameri...