Background and Purpose—There have been conflicting results involving the clinical significance of white matter changes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We studied the association between the volume of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on T2-weighted images and cognitive, neurological, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Methods—The subjects were 76 AD patients who had WMHs but no obviou...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the added value of hippocampal atrophy rates over whole brain volume measurements on MRI in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and controls. METHODS We included 64 patients with AD (67 +/- 9 years; F/M 38/26), 44 patients with MCI (71 +/- 6 years; 21/23), and 34 controls (67 +/- 9 years; 16/18). Two MR scans were perfo...

Neuroimaging in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has moved beyond the stage where it was used purely to exclude other disease processes. Structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful to assess hippocampal atrophy on coronal slices; clinicians can use a simple visual rating scale, which can help to confirm the diagnosis of AD. Another useful indication for neuroimaging is to assess the con...

Alcoholism has no satisfactory definition, yet no more useful term is available to describe chronic and deleterious over-consumption. Alcohol is mostly drunk for its pharmacological effects on the nervous system, so not surprisingly the brain is one of the organs that suffers most-along with the liver, which detoxifies the alcohol. The effects on the nervous system include direct intoxication, ...

Studies in animals showed that stress is associated with changes in hippocampal function and structure, an effect mediated through decreased neurogenesis, increased glucocorticoids, and/or decreased brain derived neurotrophic factor. Antidepressants and some anticonvulsants block the effects of stress and/or promote neurogenesis in animal studies. Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PT...

This study investigates relationships between white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology markers, and brain and hippocampal volume loss. Subjects included 198 controls, 345 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 154 AD subjects with serial volumetric 1.5-T MRI. CSF Aβ42 and total tau were measured (n = 353). Brain and hippocampal loss we...

OBJECTIVES To investigate whether axonal damage in primary progressive (PP) multiple sclerosis (MS), as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HMRS) imaging and brain atrophy, is a function of T2 weighted brain lesion volume. METHODS 34 PP MS patients were divided into two categories: low (<3 cm(3), n = 18) or high (>or=3 cm(3), n = 16) T2 lesion load (LL). An Index of Brain Atro...

AIMS Hyperhomocysteinemia may be involved in the development of brain atrophy in alcoholics. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial. In the present study, we analyse the relationship between homocysteine levels and brain atrophy, and the relative weight of co-existing factors such as liver function impairment, the amount of ethanol consumed, serum vitamin B12, B6, and folic acid levels on homocyste...

We propose a framework for developing a comprehensive biophysical model that could predict and simulate realistic longitudinal MRIs of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The framework includes three major building blocks: i) atrophy generation, ii) brain deformation, and iii) realistic MRI generation. Within this framework, this paper focuses on a detailed implementation of the brain defor...

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of multiple system atrophy (MSA) shows atrophy in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. It is also characterized by specific patterns such as hyperintense lateral putaminal rim. MRI of hypoxic encephalopathy shows atrophy mainly in the gray matter, and laminar necrosis in the cerebral cortex is often observed. Here, we report an MSA patient damaged by h...