A small percentage of individuals have the neurological anomaly of central precocious puberty (CPP). Common neurologic causes of CPP include a tumor or congenital lesions. Although Arnold-Chiari malformation can be caused by congenital or acquired causes, it is unusual in patients with CPP. We present the case of a girl aged 4.5 years who complained of breast budding. Her neurological examinati...

The developmental steps required to build a brain have been recognized as a distinctive sequence since the turn of the twentieth century. As marking tools for experimental embryology emerged, the cellular events of cortical histogenesis have been intensively scrutinized. On this rich backdrop, molecular genetics provides the opportunity to play out the molecular programs that orchestrate these ...

INTRODUCTION Despite the passage of a century and a half since the fi rst description of a brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) (Rokitansky 1846), and although the imaging of brain AVMs advances relentlessly (Fig. 1), we still need adequate studies of brain AVM prognosis and reliable evaluations of their treatment. Prospective, populationbased studies of brain AVM prognosis are underway (Al-S...

Chiari II malformations and holoprosencephaly have been considered to be brain malformations that differ with respect to teratogenic insult, embryologic mechanism, and morphology. We herein describe coexistent Chiari II malformation and holoprosencephaly that occurred in a viable infant. A review of the literature regarding Chiari II malformations and holoprosencephaly suggests that a disturban...

Diffuse cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare disorder of the brain and defined as diffuse infiltration of brain by complex vascular structures. It is usually associated with hereditary syndromes and presented with hemorrhage or seizure. We report a 20-year-old male patient who presented with drooping of the left eyelid. He had no skin lesion. The ophthalmological examination was ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Val66Met polymorphism of brain-derived neurotrophic factor is associated with decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion and poor outcome after acute neurological injury. We hypothesized that the Met allele is associated with worsening of functional outcome after brain arteriovenous malformation resection. METHODS Three hundred forty-one surgically treate...

Quadrigeminal arachnoid cyst are one of the rarest form intracranial cyst, this unique congenital malformation posses an special risk for hydrocephalus and neurological symptoms due to its proximity aqueduct brain stem. The treatment tends be surgical in cases when hypertension presents by hydrocephalus. Few non quadrigeminal with clinical follow up has been studied global literature . Here it’...

Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) or Morsier syndrome is a rare congenital malformation of infantile neurodevelopment with systemic anatomical and functional involvement. It characterized by optic nerve hypoplasia, midline brain malformation, hypothalamic-pituitary axis hypoplasia. The spectrum clinical manifestations very wide, from ophthalmological problems to endocrinological disorders that determ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated whether brain arteriovenous malformation silent intralesional microhemorrhage, that is, asymptomatic bleeding in the nidal compartment, might serve as a marker for increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). We evaluated 2 markers to assess the occurrence of silent intralesional microhemorrhage: neuroradiological assessment of evidence of ...