Abstract Ophthalmological examination is an essential component in clinically diagnosing abusive head trauma (AHT). Typical of AHT injuries retinal bleeding, with other parts the eye sometimes also being affected. Visual impairment and blindness are long-term complications this context. We present a case unusual after diagnostically confirmed AHT. The ophthalmological findings on admission day ...

"Breakthrough pain" is a common clinical term that has not been conclusively defined or described. Breakthrough pain is a transitory flare of pain experienced when baseline pain has been reduced to a mild or moderate level. Breakthrough pain may be characterized by its relationship to a fixed around-the-clock (ATC) opioid dose, rapid onset and short duration, precipitating events, predictabilit...

OBJECTIVES After the release of the results of the Women's Health Initiative, an emerging consensus suggests that continuous-combined hormone therapy (CCHT) should be limited to short-term management of moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms. This, in turn, raises the important question of the economic value, if any, of short-term CCHT for this indication. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analy...

Bleeding prevention and control by tourniquet use by out-of-hospital caregivers is a major breakthrough in military medicine of current wars. The present review documents developments in tourniquet practices since 2001 among the US military services for aid in improving doctrine, policy, and especially care in wars to come. Tourniquets are an adjunct for resuscitation in self-care and buddy aid...

The anxiety regarding no-bleed regimens is that breakthrough bleeding and endometrial hyperplasia may occur. We aimed to demonstrate that 25 mg oestradiol implants can be adequately opposed by a low dose of progestogen protecting against osteoporosis. Twenty-two patients were recruited to the study. The mean age was 62 years and body mass index of 26.5. Median oestradiol rose from 77 pmol/L at ...

A new chewable combined oral contraceptive pill containing ethinyl estradiol (EE) 0.025 mg and norethindrone (NE) 0.8 mg in a 24/4 regimen was approved for marketing in December 2010. Each of the four inactive tablets contains 75 mg ferrous fumarate, which has no therapeutic benefit. The tablet can be taken with food but not water as this affects the absorption of EE. The Pearl index based on i...