Breath-holding spells are a common childhood disorder that typically present before 12 months of age. Whereas most cases are benign, some patients have very severe cases associated with bradycardia that can progress from asystole to syncope and seizures. Treatment studies have implicated the use of several therapies, such as oral iron, fluoxetine, and pacemaker implantation. This is a retrospec...

KIKUCHI, R., SASAKI, T. and TAKISHIMA, T. Disappearance Curves and Single-Breath DLCO from Consecutive Samples during Slow Expiration. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1982, 136 (4), 419-431 The disappearance of CO in three expirates consecutively sampled after various breath holding periods was measured in seven normal subjects. The CO disappearance curves in the three expired portions were nearly linear ...

Context Breath-holding spells (BHS) are a non-epileptic event where the child involuntarily stops breathing, typically for less than one minute, varying from several times daily to few month. 1 There two types of BHS: cyanotic and pallid; occurs in response fear or anger, causing oxygen desaturation loss consciousness, pallid can be triggered by pain fear, pallor, desaturation, seizure-like mov...

Breath holding spells are a common and dramatic form of syncope and anoxic seizure in infancy. They are usually triggered by an emotional stimuli or minor trauma. Based on the color change, they are classified into 3 types, cyanotic, pallid, and mixed. Pallid breath holding spells result from exaggerated, vagally-mediated cardiac inhibition, whereas the more common, cyanotic breathholding spell...

BACKGROUND Breath-holding attacks are common during childhood. Iron supplementation has been claimed to reduce the frequency or severity, or both, of breath-holding attacks in children. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of iron supplementation on the frequency and severity of breath-holding attacks in children. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CE...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Blood flow of the internal jugular vein and intracranial venous sinuses is affected by respiratory state. The purpose of this study was to clarify the changes in flow velocity and direction and signal intensities of sigmoid sinuses on phase-contrast (PC) MR images obtained with regular breathing and with deep inspiratory breath holding. METHODS One hundred seven subject...

Ambulatory blood pressure measurement, which has been confined to research for many years, is now an accepted investigation in clinical practice [ l ] . In an effort to ensure that the devices meet the requirements of clinical practice the British Hypertension Society (BHs) has published a comprehensive protocol for the evaluation of blood pressure measuring devices with special reference to am...