Introduction: Dissatisfaction of penile girth is an increasing phenomenon. We have noticed an increased number of patients presenting with complications following injection of bulking agents into the penis. In both the medical and non-medical setting, commonly injected bulking agents include paraffin, petroleum jelly, mineral oil, cod liver oil, metallic mercury, and petroleum jelly. Case repor...

Aetna considers endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (Deflux), polydimethylsiloxane (Macroplastique), polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), or other bulking agents approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) medically necessary for the treatment of members with primary or secondary VUR who have any of the following conditions when...

OVERVIEW Transesophageal endoscopic therapies are being developed for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). A variety of procedures are being evaluated, including transesophageal (or transoral) incisionless fundoplication (TIF), application of radiofrequency (RF) energy, and injection/implantation of prosthetic devices or bulking agents. Note: This policy does not pertain to ...

Few drugs are of proven efficacy in irritable bowel syndrome. Bulking agents probably relieve constipation, spasmolytics may alleviate pain and antidiarrhoeals help control urgency and diarrhoea. With a combination of reassurance and therapeutic intervention up to 75% of patients can be expected to improve. For the 25% who do not, alternative therapies such as stress management, psychotherapy o...

Bulk in the distal colon provides protection against a range of large bowel disorders, but a simple standardized measure of the relative bulking efficacy of foods, for use in dietary management of distal colonic bulk, has not been available. This paper describes a faecal bulking index (FBI) for standardized measurement of the relative colonic bulking efficacy of foods relative to a reference ma...

The aim of the present work was to develop a programmed drug delivery system which would be able to release the drug after 6 h of lag time by use of hydrophilic polymers. The capsule body was made impermeable by use of formaldehyde vapor treatment, while the cap was untreated. The capsule was filled with two layered tablets (tablet-in-capsule), followed by a sodium bicarbonate:citric acid mixtu...