Relative to solar water heaters, solar air heaters have received relatively little investigation and have resulted in few commercial products. However, in the context of a humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination cycle, air heating accounts for advantages in cycle performance. Solar collectors can be over 40% of an air-heated HDH system’s cost; thus, design optimization is crucial. Be...

In this article, we generalize the concept of the Lie algebra of vector fields to the set of smooth sections of a T-bundle which is by definition a canonical generalization of the concept of a tangent bundle. We define a Lie bracket multiplication on this set so that it becomes a Lie algebra. In the particular case of tangent bundles this Lie algebra coincides with the Lie algebra of vector fie...

This paper presents investigative results of the energy efficiency of hot water production for sanitary uses by means of gas-fired water heaters with the combustion chamber sealed with respect to the room in single-family houses and multi-story buildings. Additionally, calculations were made of the influence of pre-heating the air for combustion in the chimney and air supply system on the energ...

The energy consumption associated with domestic hot water supply services correspond to a significant portion of the total energy consumption of the urban water cycle. The objective of this study is to analyse the performance of domestic water heaters in the three largest cities of Australia (i.e. Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane). The performance of systems was investigated undertaking a multi-p...

The present heating method which uses the cooling system of the internal combustion engine of the vehicle takes a lot of time to heat the interior air. In order to improve the heating process, auxiliary devices are required. The new innovative techniques propose as auxiliary heating device positive temperature coefficient heaters. For a better control of the temperature, the parameters of these...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: M31 M37 M38 Keywords: Ecologically efficient water heater Heat pump Marketing Logit model This study examines how consumers select ecologically efficient water heaters in Japan. Energy conservation in household water heating is increasingly important for reducing an amount of CO 2 emission, because the share of water heating in household energy consumpt...

The goal of the inverse analysis is to find a set of heaters over some parts of boundary, called the heater surface, to satisfy the desired heat flux profile over the design surface. Micro-genetic algorithm is employed to inverse design of a radiant enclosure with absorbing-emitting medium. The direct problem of radiative heat transfer is solved by the discrete transfer method. The inverse prob...

Current practice is to install clear juice heaters ahead of first effect evaporators to ensure that the juice entering the evaporator is above its boiling temperature, allowing flashing to occur on entry. The alternative, of allowing the juice heating to take place in the evaporator, is sometimes rejected on the basis that heating transfer performance of an evaporator is very poor when operatin...

background: several echocardiographic markers have been introduced to assess the left ventricular (lv) mechanical dyssynchrony. we studied dyssynchrony markers and the latest lv activation site in heart failure patients with and without left bundle branch block (lbbb). methods: conventional echocardiography and tissue velocity imaging were performed for 78 patients (lv ejection fraction ≤ 35%),...

The recent technological advances in micro/nanotechnology present new opportunities to combine microfluidics with microarray technology for the development of small, sensitive, single-use, point-of-care molecular diagnostic devices. As such, the integration of microarray and plastic microfluidic systems is an attractive low-cost alternative to glass based microarray systems. This paper presents...