Destruction and pollution of coral reefs threaten these marine biodiversity hot stops which shelter more than two thirds of sea snake species. Notably, in many coral reef ecosystems of the Western Pacific Ocean, large populations of sea kraits (amphibious sea snakes) have drastically declined during the past three decades. Protecting remaining healthy populations is thus essential. In New Caled...

Objectives: The present study focuses on development of novel Metal-Herbal Nano composite (MHNC) formulation against Naja naja and Bungarus Caeruleus venoms animal models. Methods: were procured from Irula snake catchers society in lyophilised forms. Herbal-metal nanocomposites prepared 1:1 combinations. Single strength concentration Leucas zeylanica extracts copper oxide metal nanoparticles wa...

Cathelicidin-BF-30 (BF-30), a water-soluble peptide isolated from the snake venom of Bungarus fasciatus containing 30 amino acid residues, was incorporated in poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) 75∶25 microspheres (MS) prepared by a water in oil in water W/O/W emulsification solvent extraction method. The aim of this work was to investigate the stability of BF-30 after encapsulation. D-trehal...

The Indian cobra?Naia naia vel tripudians varies from 100 to 150 cm. in length and has a variable colour but is usually black. The head is generally golden yellow in colour, spotted with yellowish white marks above and pure white beneath. The species is distributed throughout the whole of Southern Asia from the south of the Caspian Sea to the south of China, India, Burma., Ceylon and the Malay ...

Temperature probably had no direct effect on the evolution of sea kraits within their center of origin, a geologically stable thermal zone straddling the equator, but may have indirectly affected expansions and contractions in distributions beyond that zone through global fluctuations that caused alternation of higher and lower sea levels. The northern limit of the Laticauda colubrina complex s...

Lacking the capacity for thermogenesis, most ectotherms inhabiting thermally heterogeneous environments rely instead upon exploiting that ambient heterogeneity. In many cases they maintain body temperatures within a narrow range despite massive spatial and temporal variation in ambient conditions. Reliance on diverse thermal opportunities is reflected in specific terms for organisms that bask i...

Three species of amphibious sea kraits (Laticauda spp.) spend variable time at sea and require fresh water for water balance. Both the rate of cutaneous evaporative water loss and the extent of terrestriality are known to differ among them. Laticauda semifasciata has the greatest rate of water loss and the least extent of terrestriality, whereas L. colubrina exhibits the reverse and L. laticaud...

sik,?lviay i draw your attention to the letter from Captain R.Crawford Boyd on a case of Snake Bite in the December number. The letter first came to my notice in the Times of India, and fas it has been made thus public, I think any doubts should be cleared up. I believe that all authorities are agreed that the poison of the common Krait is, bulk for bulk, more virulent that any other Indian sna...

Anti snake venom (ASV) is the most specific therapy available for treatment of snakebite envenomation. The ASV available in Nepal are polyvalent ASV produced in India and are effective against envenomation by cobra and krait, the two most common species found in Eastern Nepal. Neurotoxic signs respond slowly and unconvincingly and continuous absorption of venom may cause recurrent neurotoxicity...