Brief history of the violin. The emergence of the violin in Upper Italy: The violin evolved from the viola da braccio family between 1520-1550, the Upper Italian towns of Milan, Brescia, Cremona and Venice being the most important centers. The term “violin” (from the Italian word violino) is derived from the word viola and had the general meaning “small stringed instrument” rather than “small v...

Since the early 1970s, an increasing number of plaintiffs in U.S. federal civil litigation have attempted to sue anonymously to conceal their identities from the general public or defendants. To be sure, this litigation represents a tiny fraction of all civil actions, since cases where plaintiffs are permitted to proceed with a “Doe” or similar appellation remain rare due to constitutional and ...

The knowledge of the climatological trend an area and its influences on grapevine growth is a helpful tool for prediction ripening process: climate change effects viticulture can be thus studied. In first step, Matelica area, central Italy, was characterized, then Verdicchio grapevines harvest data connection with seasonal trends have been evaluated period almost thirty years. This study allowe...

Recent elevation in the rank of J.E. Gray's (1866) 'Leaf-nosed Bats' the Rhinonycterina to family level recognised the phylogenetic uniqueness of bats in the extant genera Cloeotis, Paratriaenops, Rhinonicteris and Triaenops, and the fossil genera Brachipposideros and Brevipalatus (Foley et al. 2015). In the systematic summary of that paper, attention was drawn to the issue of correct nomenclat...

This paper is devoted to exploring the relationships between computational agents, as they can be found in multi-agent systems (MAS) or Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI), and the different techniques regrouped under the generic appellation “multi-agent based simulation” (MABS). Its main purpose is to show that MABS, despite its name, is in fact rarely based on computational agents. We b...

It stifles NGOs efforts to ensure that voluntary carbon offsets make a serious contribution to sustainable development, which the CDM currently fails to do; It promotes institutional monopoly (putting all eggs in the UNFCCC basket) at a time when a sensible approach to global climate policy suggests that institutional diversity is valuable; The appellation “code of best practice” suggests a lev...

Cet article propose une réflexion épistémologique et méthodologique sur l’étude des phénomènes langagiers dans perspective d’histoire de genre. Il montre ce que les recherches linguistiques le genre (connues sous leur appellation anglaise Language and Gender Studies) peuvent apporter aux problématiques historiennes ayant trait au langage. Rarement sollicités paysage historiographique francophon...