We present a formal model explaining that US presidents strategically unionize federal employees to reduce bureaucratic turnover and ‘anchor’ the ideological composition of like-minded agency workforces. To test our model’s predictions, we advance a method of estimating bureaucratic ideology via the campaign contributions of federal employees; we then use these bureaucratic ideal point estimate...

the buyids were originally from among the daylamids of daylam proper (khāṣ), but since the economic situation of this region was not much favorable, they joined various rules (ḥukūmas) such as the alavids of ṭabaristān and zāriyān (during the years 250/222 – 321/222) in their military uniform because of their military skills as a consequence of the circumstances in their geographical homeland a...

Nursing administration takes on a bureaucratic orientation in Brazil. In this article, the authors report a strategy of participative management as a useful resource for transforming bureaucratic organizations. Principles of participative management, in the context of a social model of management, are presented and applied to nursing.