Electronic edge states in topological insulators have become a major paradigm physics. The oldest and primary example is that of quantum Hall (QH) channels propagate along the periphery two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) under perpendicular magnetic field. Yet, despite 40 years intensive studies using variety transport scanning probe techniques, imaging real-space structure QH has proven di...

Voltage-gated ion channels are key players in fast neuronal signalling. Detailed knowledge about channel gating is essential for our understanding of channel function in general and of drug action of channels in particular. Despite a number of recent atomic channel structures, the opening of voltage-gated channels is the subject of heated debates. Here we will discuss two of the controversies: ...

A new analytical equation for prediction of temperature profile of a buried gas pipeline is developed. Utility of this equation is illustrated by its application to corresponding states principle. The resulting equation is tested through prediction of the actual Schorre data. It is shown that the new equation can predict temperature profile more accurately than the others without using any char...