Introduction: Magmatic volatiles such as H 2 O, F, Cl, CO 2 , and S play a critical role in physiochemical processes that control thermal stabilities of minerals and melts, magma eruptive processes, and transport of economically important metals. Of these volatiles, water is the dominant magmatic volatile in terrestrial magmas both because of its abundance and its strong effect on physical prop...

Atomic fountain clocks are showing great promise as primary frequency standards (1). In light of this, we have started a program to develop atomic fountain clocks at the U. S. Naval Observatory. The mission of the observatory, however, dictates different design goals than that of a standards institution. In this paper we will discuss the goals of our atomic fountain project, a scheme for reduci...

Fountain Creek in Colorado USA is a major tributary that confluences with the Arkansas River at Pueblo, Colorado, the result being the tributary's influence on Arkansas River water quality affecting down-stream users. In a previous study, we found that bryophytes (aquatic plants) accumulated selenium in Fountain Creek watershed and this finding prompted us to investigate the extent of the metal...

The environmental levels of selenium (Se) are regulated and strictly enforced by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because of the toxicity that Se can exert at high levels. However, speciation plays an important role in the overall toxicity of Se, and only when speciation analysis has been conducted will a detailed understanding of the system be possible. In the following, we carried ou...

Context. Water fountain stars are very young post-AGB stars with high velocity water maser jets. They are the best objects to study the onset of bipolar jets from evolved stars due to their young dynamical ages. However, none of them have been observed in any thermal lines. Aims. Search for CO lines in the water fountain star IRAS 16342-3814 and investigate the properties of its thermal gas. Me...