introduction: one the most anxious moments for mothers and families is labor pain and various methods for its relief have an effect on labor management, patient satisfaction and labor outcome. both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used to relieve labor pain, but in recently years, researchers have focused their attention to non-pharmacological methods for reduction of labor p...

premature rupture of membrane (prom) is one of the complications of pregnancy which is blamed for increasing the rate of cesarean. therefore, we studied pregnant women who were admitted in shariati hospital during march 1996 and march 2000, to determine the rate of cesarean delivery in cases with prom after 36th week of pregnancy (term prom). in a retrospective study, we included pregnant women...

Vaginal delivery is a natural process that usually does not require significant medical intervention. Management guided by current knowledge of the relevant screening tests and normal labor process can greatly increase the probability of an uncomplicated delivery and postpartum course. All women should be screened for group B streptococcus; women who test positive should be treated with antibio...

Abstract In recent decades, the inequality of household income has increased globally. A common trend is at top distribution. The sources this are a matter debate. Increased demand for analytical and managerial skills said to have strongly labor incomes top. Other scholars indicated that structural conditions, such as financialization or favorable taxation, benefited top-earning households. Her...

This study investigates the effect of managerial ability on labor productivity by analyzing various methods in firm-year panel data listed firms South Korea from 2002 to 2019. Managerial was analyzed using measurement method Demerjian et al. (2012), while value-added and sales. The authors find that has a positive productivity. In other words, employees improves with appointment manager higher ...