In the crystal structure of the title compound, 2C(8)H(6)O(4)·3C(20)H(22)N(4), there are three independent 2,2'-dimethyl-1,1'-(butane-1,4-di-yl)dibenzimidazole mol-ecules, each of which lies on an inversion centre. The terephthalic acid mol-ecules are linked to adjacent 2,2'-dimethyl-1,1'-(butane-1,4-di-yl)dibenzimidazole mol-ecules via O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds.

We unveil a unique kinetic driven separation material for selectively removing linear paraffins from iso-paraffins via a molecular sieving mechanism. Subsequent carbonization and thermal treatment of CD-MOF-2, the cyclodextrin metal-organic framework, afforded a carbon molecular sieve with a uniform and reduced pore size of ca. 5.0 Å, and it exhibited highly selective kinetic separation of n-bu...

The hydroisomerization of n-butane was carried out in a fixed-bed gas-flow reactor over Pt-promoted Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 (denoted as Cs2.5). Two kinds of catalysts, a direct impregnation of Pt on Cs2.5 (denoted as Pt/Cs2.5), as well as a mechanical mixture of Pt/Al2O3 and Cs2.5 (denoted as Pt/Al2O3+Cs2.5), were used for the hydroisomerization. Pt/Al2O3+Cs2.5 showed a higher stationary activity than...

In this study, the subcritical butane extraction process of fenugreek seed oil was optimized using response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design. The optimum conditions for extracted oil from fenugreek seed was as follows: extraction temperature of 43.24 °C , extraction time of 32.80 min, and particle size of 0.26 mm. No significant differences were found between the experimental and p...

1. [(14)C]Acetoin was enzymically synthesized from [(14)C]pyruvate with a pyruvate decarboxylase preparation. Its optical activity was [alpha](20) (d)-78 degrees . 2. Large amounts (1000-fold higher than physiological concentrations) of acetoin were incubated with rat liver mince. Acetoin disappeared but very little (14)CO(2) was evolved. A compound accumulated, which was purified and identifie...

Three Bi-doped vanadyl pyrophosphate catalysts were prepared via dihydrate route (VPD method), which consisted of different preparation methods including mechanosynthesis, mechanochemical treatment, and the conventional reflux method. The catalysts produced by the above three methods were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and temperature programmed re...

Mol-ecules of the title compound (alternative name: butane-1,4-diyl dinicotinate), C(16)H(16)N(2)O(4), lie on a inversion centre, located at the mid-point of the central C-C bond of the aliphatic chain, giving one half-mol-ecule per asymmetric unit. The butane chain adopts an all-trans conformation. The dihedral angle between the mean plane of the butane-3-carboxyl-ate group [for the non-H atom...

In this work, the dispersion of butane in heavy oil and bitumen is experimentally determined during the Vapex process with varying drainage heights. The experiments were performed at room temperature (22 o C) using butane as solvent at the dew point pressure. We used cylindrical models with different heights varying from 15 to 45 cm, packed with uniform mixture of heavy oil and glass beads. Fro...

The deep ocean and its sediments are a continuous source of non-methane short-chain alkanes (SCAs) including ethane, propane, and butane. Their high global warming potential, and contribution to local carbon and sulfur budgets has drawn significant scientific attention. Importantly, microbes can use gaseous alkanes and oxidize them to CO2, thus acting as effective biofilters. A relative decreas...

The proton NMR spectra of ethane, propane, and n-butane codissolved and orientationally ordered in two liquid-crystal solvents that exhibit both nematic (N) and smectic A (SmA) phases (one of which also has a reentrant nematic (RN) phase) are analyzed using CMA-ES (covariance-matrix adaptation evolution strategy). To deal with problems arising from the broad liquid-crystal background signal, a ...