The concept of commissioning is starting to gain traction in the Australian health system. Primary Care Networks began operations in July 2015 with a remit around commissioning health services. Despite the centrality of this concept, we know relatively little about commissioning in Australia. Other systems have experimented with it for some time, and this paper reviews the evidence and lessons ...

Surgical management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is, if anything, wrought with complexity. Placental invasion can be confined and relatively easy to manage or as surgically challenging a stage-IV ovarian tumour. In the most extensive cases, is equally capable encasing not only ureter but also femoral vessels obturator nerve, instead solid tumour surgeon faced mixed solid–cystic structure ...

Abstract In Knowing and Seeing , Michael Ayers presents a view of what he calls primary knowledge according to which one who knows in that way both perspicuously how they know. Here, I use some general considerations about seeing, knowing, knowing order raise questions this view. More specifically, consider putative limits on one’s capacity know knows. The main question pursue concerns whether ...

Explicit knowledge is knowledge that the knower can make explicit by means of a verbal statement; implicit knowledge is knowledge that is not explicit. Chomskyan tacit knowledge of rules can be understood as requiring a particular structure in the content-involving explanations of transitions between internal representations. States of tacit knowledge are different from beliefs and states of ex...

The history of philosophy can be seen from a perspective as story about the struggle between vision and visuality. In this space, at least during Enlightenment period, seeing becomes one most decisive factors for knowing. ‘Seeing’ is no longer understood simply biological activity leading to knowing (“seeing knowing”) but also category catalog knowledge believing”). Postmodernism shows that wha...

Infants face the paramount task of learning a language. Here, I review recent literature on two separate topics that suggest they use a combination of both evolutionarily old and new cognitive tools to face this task. Research on the principles that guide how humans and nonhuman animals group sequences of sounds has shown that we share with other species perceptual biases that we apply to lingu...

The battlefield commander or the CEO of a company is “an intuitive statistician” and a cognitive information processor. The commander must first make sense of the complex information provided from different sources. While there are availability of information technology to help the commander in data processing and analysis, it is not surprising that in realtime operations, the commander falls b...