BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Heterologous expression of alpha1, beta2 and gamma2S(gamma1) subunits produces a mixed population of GABA(A) receptors containing alpha1beta2 or alpha1beta2gamma2S(gamma1) subunits. GABA sensitivity (lower in receptors containing gamma1 or gamma2S subunits) and the potentiation of GABA-activated chloride currents (I(GABA)) by benzodiazepines (BZDs) are dependent on gamma2...

Background: For treatment of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome, high dose benzodiazepines (BZDs) may cause delirium and oversedation. Phenobarbital (PBT) is a long-acting barbiturate effective for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Given the potential benefits of PBT, we sought to investigate the effectiveness of PBT as adjunctive treatment for alcohol withdrawal. Methods: This was a retrosp...

Background: For treatment of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome, high dose benzodiazepines (BZDs) may cause delirium and over-sedation. Phenobarbital (PBT) is a long-acting barbiturate effective for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Given the potential benefits of PBT, we sought to investigate the effectiveness of PBT as adjunctive treatment for alcohol withdrawal. Methods: This was a retros...

Modulation of GABA(A) receptors by benzodiazepines (BZDs) is believed to involve two distinct steps: a recognition step in which BZDs bind and a conformational transition step in which the affinity of the receptor for GABA changes. Previously, using gamma(2)/alpha(1) chimeric subunits (chi), we demonstrated that although the N-terminal 167 gamma(2) amino acid residues confer high-affinity BZD b...

UNLABELLED In 2003, the Danish Minister for the Interior and Health instructed general practitioners to reduce prescriptions of benzodiazepines (BZD) and cyclopyrrolones (CP) by 50%. However, no effective methods were specified. In Denmark, it is estimated that there are approximately 100,000 BZD-dependent patients, constituting approximately 2% of the population. OBJECTIVE This article descr...

Introduction Recent studies report a prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorder 38% and 80% sleep disorders in schizophrenia. Insomnia has been associated with worsening psychopathological symptoms increased hospitalization rates. Objectives The aim our work was to review mechanisms action the use benzodiazepines, GABAergic drugs melatonin for treatment insomnia Methods We carried out narrative fo...

The aim of this study was to compare benzodiazepine (bzd) prescriptions for adults and older adults regarding appropriate use indicator. It is a cross-sectional study for collecting data on patients treated at the City's Mental Health Clinic in Sorocaba/SP, between March and December 2013. Appropriate use indicators were used: appropriate drug, with adequate posology and period of use; as well ...

Antihistamines (AH) have been classified into first and second generation according to their pharmacokinetic properties, structural characteristics and adverse effects. The effects on the central nervous system (CNS) are determined basically by their capacity to cross the hematoencephalic barrier and attach to central H1 receptors. Benzodiazepines (BZD) are drugs with effects on the CNS followi...

The aim of this investigation was to design and develop nanoemulsions (NEs) as novel ophthalmic delivery systems for brinzolamide (BZD). Phase behavior of quaternary systems composed of triacetin and CapryolTM 90 (selected oils, screened through the solubility studies), various surfactants (namely, Cremophor RH 40, Brij 35, Labrasol and tyloxapol), Transcutol P (as co-surfactant) an...

BACKGROUND Insomnia is a common comorbidity associated with COPD. Although benzodiazepines (BZDs) can have adverse effects on respiratory response in COPD patients, these are the most common hypnotics. The aim of this study was to examine by meta-analysis the efficacy and safety of BZD to treat insomnia in COPD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, China National Knowl...