BACKGROUND Infant botulism (IB), first identified in California in 1976, results from Clostridium botulinum spores that germinate, multiply, and produce botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in the immature intestine. From 1976 to 2010 we created an archive of 1090 BoNT-producing isolates consisting of 1012 IB patient (10 outpatient, 985 hospitalized, 17 sudden death), 25 food, 18 dust/soils, and 35 othe...

A specific and sensitive combined selection and enrichment PCR procedure was developed for the detection of Clostridium botulinum types B, E, and F in fecal samples from slaughtered pigs. Two enrichment PCR assays, using the DNA polymerase rTth, were constructed. One assay was specific for the type B neurotoxin gene, and the other assay was specific for the type E and F neurotoxin genes. Based ...

The aim of this study is to investigate Clostridium botulinum at a Saxony dairy farm with 159 cows and 18 heifers. The animals exhibited clinical symptoms of chronic botulism. To determine the source of the infection, feces, blood, organs, and gastrointestinal fluids of dead or euthanized cows; as well as soil, water, silage and manure were tested for C. botulinum spores and BoNTs using ELISA. ...

An animal model of wound botulism was developed in mice using an inoculum of Clostridium botulinum type A spores. The number of C. botulinum in infected wounds was quantitated by culturing on egg yolk agar, and the level of C. botulinum toxin in infected wound tissue was measured by a bioassay in mice and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All infected mice receiving no further treatment ...

HODGKISS, W. (Torry Research Station, Aberdeen, Scotland), AND Z. JOHN ORDAL. Morphology of the spore of some strains of Clostridium botulinum type E. J. Bacteriol. 91:2031-2036. 1966.-The spores of four strains of C. botulinum type E show an unusual and elaborate morphology. Numerous tubular appendages radiate from the surface of the spore. The spore and its appendages are enclosed in a delica...

Thermal inactivation of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum type E spores was investigated in rainbow trout and whitefish media at 75 to 93 degrees C. Lysozyme was applied in the recovery of spores, yielding biphasic thermal destruction curves. Approximately 0.1% of the spores were permeable to lysozyme, showing an increased measured heat resistance. Decimal reduction times for the heat-resist...

The presence of tens Clostridium botulinum spores per gram honey can cause infantile botulism. Thermal treatment is insufficient to inactivate these resistant forms. This study explored the effectiveness supercritical CO2 (scCO2) on its own and combined with lemon (LEO), clove (CLEO), cinnamon (CEO) essential oils inactivation sporogenes (CECT 553) as a surrogate botulinum. In water, degree at ...

Lysozyme in the recovery medium increased the recovery of heated spores, thereby raising the measured heat resistance of type E Clostridium botulinum spores about 1,800-fold and type A spores up to 3-fold.

A dynamic model to predict the germination and outgrowth of Clostridium botulinum spores in cooked ground beef was presented. Raw inoculated with a ten-strain C. spore cocktail achieve approximately 2 log spores/g. The vacuum packaged, 71 °C heat shock spores, cooled below 10 °C, incubated isothermally at temperatures from 46 °C. growth quantified fitted into primary Baranyi Model. Secondary mo...