BACKGROUND Members of the subfamily Galleriinae have adapted to different selective environmental pressures by devising a unique mating process. Galleriinae males initiate mating by attracting females with either chemical or acoustic signals (or a combination of both modalities). Six compounds considered candidates for the sex pheromone have recently been identified in the wing gland extracts o...

Spix’s disc-winged bat (Thyroptera tricolor) forms cohesive groups despite using an extremely ephemeral roost, partly due to the use of two acoustic signals that help individuals locate roost sites and group members. While the calls that aid in group cohesion are commonly used, some bats rarely or never produce them. Here, we examine whether the differences observed in the contact calling behav...

Audience effects are increasingly recognized as an important aspect of intraspecific communication. Yet despite the common occurrence of interspecific interactions and considerable evidence that individuals respond to the calls of heterospecifics, empirical evidence for interspecific audience effects on signalling behaviour is lacking. Here we present evidence of an interspecific audience effec...

A higher than expected frequency of suicide has been reported among patients undergoing subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). We conducted a retrospective survey of 200 patients with PD who underwent STN DBS. Two patients (1%) committed suicide and four (2%) attempted suicide, despite clear motor improvements. Suicidal patients did not diffe...

The E155 experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) has performed a precision measurementof the proton and deuteron spin structure function g 1 using deep inelastic scattering of polarized electrons on polarized 15 NH 3 and 6 LiD. g d 1 (x)dx = 0:034 0:002(stat) 0:005(syst) at an average Q 2 = 5 GeV 2 .These preliminary results are in reasonably good agreement with previous dat...

Correspondence and present address: D. T. Blumstein, Schools of Behavioural and Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia (email: [email protected]). K. B. Armitage is at the Department of Systematics and Ecology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, U.S.A. When we see animals do things that are potentially risky, such as alarm calling around predator...

Animals have to accomplish several tasks in their lifetime, such as finding food and mates and avoiding predators. Animals that locate these using sound need to detect, recognize and localize appropriate acoustic objects in their environment, typically in noisy, non-ideal conditions. Quantitative models attempting to explain or predict animal behaviour should be able to accurately simulate beha...

sexual behavior in most moths is limited to a precise duration period of either the day or the night. these behaviors as well as the calling behavior are specific. information on reproductive behavior is important in the chemical ecology studies. experiments were conducted to determine the developmental biology, adult time emergence and calling behaviors of three populations of carob moth, ecto...