OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 11000, FI-00076 AALTO http://www.aalto.fi Author Matti Paavola Name of the dissertation Manuscript submitted May 24, 2010 Manuscript revised August 24, 2010 Date of the defence October 1, 2010 Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Monograph Faculty Department Field of research Opponent(s) Supervisor...

Several approaches to generate electrical power directly from salinity gradient energy using capacitive electrodes have recently been developed, but power densities have remained low. By immersing the capacitive electrodes in ionic fields generated by exoelectrogenic microorganisms in bioelectrochemical reactors, we found that energy capture using synthetic river and seawater could be increased...

A model of the electro-diffusion of ions in porous electrodes is applied to analyze the dynamics of capacitive-mixing extraction of energy from salinity gradients with carbon porous electrodes. The complex time-evolution of the cell voltage observed in experiments is satisfactorily described. The asymmetry on the duration of the solution-change steps performed in open circuit is found to be due...

In this work, we consider the extent to which the presence of multivalent ions in solution modifies the equilibrium and dynamics of the energy production in a capacitive cell built with ion-exchange membranes in contact with high surface area electrodes. The cell potential in open circuit (OCV) is controlled by the difference between both membrane potentials, simulated as constant volume charge...

The "capacitive mixing" (CAPMIX) is one of the techniques aimed at the extraction of energy from the salinity difference between sea and rivers. It is based on the rise of the voltage between two electrodes, taking place when the salt concentration of the solution in which they are dipped is changed. We study the rise of the potential of activated carbon electrodes in NaCl solutions, as a funct...

The term nanoparticle is used nowadays to indicate particles with diameters smaller than 100 nm. The reduced size of nanoparticles is responsible for changed electronic, optical and magnetic properties of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials in comparison with the bulk material. This can be used for new applications such as quantum dots, luminescent maten"als, gas sensors, conductive film...

Silicon Laboratories' capacitive sensing techniques are compatible with external ESD protection methods. Designers should be aware of parasitic parameters in these circuits which affect capacitive sensing performance when implementing these protection methods. While most of the methods affect sensing performance in some way, in almost all cases an acceptable balance between performance, protect...

Energy extraction based on capacitive Donnan potential (CDP) is a recently suggested technique for sustainable power generation. CDP combines the use of ion-exchange membranes and porous carbon electrodes to convert the Gibbs free energy of mixing sea and river water into electric work. The electrodes geometry has a relevant impact on internal resistance and overall performance in CDP. In this ...