increasing of fresh water consumption and consecutively drought periods caused reduction of renewable freshwater resources in recent years. one of the basic strategies to conquer this problem is using non-conventional water resources particularly reuse of polluted water. in this study, activated carbon derived from walnut shell was used as tertiary treatment. activated carbon powder was used in...

A blend of volatiles derived from the emissions of almonds at hull split and mechanically damaged almonds was compared to almond meal, the current monitoring standard for the insect pest navel orangeworm (NOW). Field trapping studies were performed to determine the blend's ability to attract adult NOW. The blend comprised racemic 1-octen-3-ol, ethyl benzoate, methyl salicylate, acetophenone, an...

Fiber dimensions and lignin and cellulose content of various highly productive, non-wood plants and agricultural residues were examined to assess their suitability for paper production. Plants like kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) and giant reed (Arundo donax L.) internodes gave very good derived values, especially slenderness ratio, which is directly comparable to some softwood and most hardwood...

Kernels of Nonpareil almond and advanced breeding selections 23.5–16 and 23–122 were evaluated for similarities and differences in commercially important kernel characteristics. These three almond types did not differ in kernel mass, kernel length and width, nor in kernel color coordinates, luminosity and hue. Nonpareil kernels were observed to be significantly (p 6 0.05) thicker than kernels o...

Previous studies have provided evidence that the physical encapsulation of intracellular nutrients by cell walls of plant foods (i.e. dietary fibre) plays a predominant role in influencing macronutrient bioaccessibility (release) from plant foods during human digestion. One unexplored aspect of this is the extent to which digestive enzymes can pass through the cell-wall barrier and hydrolyse th...

Researchers are currently developing new value-added uses for almond shells, an abundant agricultural by-product. Almond varieties are distinguished by processors as being either hard or soft shelled, but these two broad classes of almond also exhibit varietal diversity in shell morphology and physical characters. By defining more precisely the physical and chemical characteristics of almond sh...

Almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) kernel composition is a basic aspect for almond quality evaluation, but, with the exception of kernel taste, only nut and kernel physical traits have been considered so far in almond evaluation. Kernel bitterness, due to the presence of amygdalin, has been thoroughly studied from the physiological and genetic points of view, but not the other chemical traits, wh...

Activated carbon is used in sugar industries for the removal of colorants from sugar liquor and for treatment of drinking water and industrial wastewater. Coal is a commercially used activated carbon, which is a limited non renewable resource. There are different renewable resources such as sugarcane Bagasse, Almond nutshells, Rice husk, Rice straw, Coconut shells, which could be used as altern...