Abstract Caricature became entrenched as a common form of social commentary in Russian visual culture the latter half nineteenth century. Four prominent humor magazines: Iskra (Spark, 1859–1873), Budil’nik (Alarm Clock, 1865–1918), Strekoza (Dragonfly, 1875–1908), and Oskolki (Splinters, 1881–1916) promoted caricatures built success largely on public’s appetite for them. The editors staff these...

Hannah Humphrey (ca. 1745-1818) was the exclusive publisher of James Gillray's (1756-1815) caricatures from 1791 until death. His achievements were made possible in large part thanks to and her innovative business acumen. But while Gillray has been celebrated studied by art historians, Humphrey’s contribution his success history graphic satire remained unexamined. This article is a first attemp...