A 71-year-old female presented with the rare complication of choroidal detachment after endovascular treatment of a dural carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. Since the residual arteriovenous shunt flow was minimal and intraocular pressure was normal, the choroidal detachment was treated conservatively and disappeared within one month. The possibility of choroidal detachment during the clinical cou...

Fistulae may be defined as direct connections between arteries and veins. Carotid-cavernous fistulae (CCF) are formed secondarily to abnormal communications between the cavernous portion of the carotid artery and the venous plexus of the cavernous sinus. Traumatic fistulae usually result from injuries to the internal carotid artery in its course to the cavernous sinus. These types of fistula fr...

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) may present in a variety of ways, including as carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas. The ophthalmologic sequelae of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas are known and recognizable, but less commonly seen is the rare clival fistula. Clival dAVFs may have a variety of potential anatomical configurations but are defined by the involvement of the venous plexus just over...

Carotid cavernous fistula is a well-documented but rare condition in pregnancy, about which there are a limited number of reports in the literature. We report such a case in a 41-year-old woman presenting with right-sided headache, proptosis, and diplopia at 37 weeks of gestation. She was subsequently diagnosed to have carotid cavernous fistula based on angiography. Embolisation was performed i...

1. Zimmerman R, Leeds NE, Naidich TP. Carotid-cavernous fistula associated with intracranial fibromuscular dysplasia. Radiology 1977; 122 :725-726 2. Mellinger KL, Ericson K. Fibromuscular dysplasia and the brain: observations on angiographic, clinical and genetic characteristics. Stroke 1982; 13 :4657 3. Bellot J, Gherardi R, Poirier J, Lacour P, Debrun G, Barbizet J. Fibromuscular dysplasia o...

The clinical manifestations of carotid cavernous fistula, an abnormal arteriovenous connection between the cavernous sinus and the carotid artery, can closely mimic the cardinal signs of Graves' ophthalmopathy, an inflammatory disorder of the orbit usually associated with autoimmune thyroid disease. Therefore, carotid cavernous fistulas are generally considered in the differential diagnosis of ...

We report the case of a 74-year-old woman with a complex indirect (Barrow D) carotid cavernous sinus fistula. The patient was treated incrementally and finally cured by a rarely reported bilateral retrograde direct transvenous approach via the superior ophthalmic vein. The treatment of the complex carotid cavernous fistula with multiple bilateral fistula points showed additional complexity due ...

The aetiology of ophthalmoplegia in 15 patients with carotid-cavernous sinus fistula is discussed, and the clinical findings are correlated with angiographic and orbital CT appearances. After closure of the fistula the majority of patients with generalised ophthalmoplegia recovered full ocular movements rapidly, while patients with an isolated abduction weakness required much longer to return t...

Of the 227 embolization procedures performed by our neurointerventional section for symptomatic carotid-cavernous fistulas over the past 10 years, five involved placement of platinum coils in the cavernous sinus from a transarterial route. In four patients, prior transarterial balloon procedures had failed to produce fistula closure. In the fifth patient, with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a prior tr...

A case of carotid-cavernous fistula is described associated with extradural haematoma, temporal lobe contusion, ophthalmoplegia, optic nerve injury by fracture, rhinorrhoea, orbital encephalocoele, and traumatic carotid thrombosis. The fistula was occluded by clipping of the carotid artery intracranially and also of the ophthalmic artery.