BtuCD-BtuF from Escherichia coli is a binding protein-dependent adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter system that uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to transmit vitamin B12 across cellular membranes. Experimental studies have showed that during the transport cycle, the transporter undergoes conformational transitions between the "inward-facing" and "outward-facing" stat...

The results of satellite determinations, the recalculation geocentric coordinates into topocentric ones, and technology for creating a reference network its use transmitting to mounting horizons are shown. article compares obtained from determinations without taking account deviation plumb line with data on proposed technology. indicate effectiveness using coordinate system in assessing monitor...

Kinematic feasibility of a planned robot path is restrained by the kinematic constraints of the robot executing the task, such as workspace, configuration, and singularity. Since these kinematic constraints can be described utilizing the geometry of the given robot, corresponding regions within the robot workspace can be expressed in geometrical representation. Consequently, geometric informati...

Ordinarily, a robot workspace has insufficient room to allow the setup of multiple applications simultaneously. As a result, it is common practice to use modular fixtures which hold the workpiece while the robot performs one of the applications. When the product line is to be changed, the fixture is replaced. Doing this generally requires reprogramming the manipulator. When performing this repr...

People think about spatial frames of reference (FoRs) in accord with the spatial system of their native language. It has been claimed that this correlation reflects a causal influence of language on thought. We tested this claim. Earlier studies have shown that whereas English speakers favor an egocentric FoR, there is a pre-linguistic predisposition favoring a geocentric FoR. We reasoned that ...

Geocentric translation model (GTM) in recent times has not gained much popularity in coordinate transformation research due to its attainable accuracy. Accurate transformation of coordinate is a major goal and essential procedure for the solution of a number of important geodetic problems. Therefore, motivated by the successful application of Artificial Intelligence techniques in geodesy, this ...

In this paper, a new Hough transform is proposed to detect lines with geometric meanings. the standard transform, are parameterized by length and orientation of normal vector from origin line. The parameter space presented in polar coordinate system. Geometric measurements such as distance angle not suitable due inconsistency axes. To deal problem, which carried out bounded Cartesian developed....

This paper introduces a new group of multi-dimensional coordinate spaces. The main objective is to visualize n-dimensions in the same graphical space and time. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part shows the literature review about dimension and coordinate systems (Cartesian plane and coordinate space). The second part will present how the multi-dimensional coordinate spaces wo...