Pheromones in the urine regulate aggression of male mice and castrated males produce less of these pheromones. We tested the hypothesis that pheromones in the urine of sexually mature-intact (SMI) males placed in the cage bedding of an individually housed male mouse or in a mouse restrainer would contribute to a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and activity...

Adiponectin, an adipose-specific secretory protein, exhibits antidiabetic and antiatherogenic properties. In the present study, we examined the effects of sex hormones on the regulation of adiponectin production. Plasma adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in 442 men (age, 52.6 +/- 11.9 years [mean +/- SD]) than in 137 women (53.2 +/- 12.0 years) but not different between pre- an...

The mechanism of estrogen enhancement in the growth of androgen-dependent Shionogi carcinoma 115 (SC115) maintained in castrated DS mice by low doses of androgen (10 micrograms of testosterone propionate or 4 micrograms of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone/mouse/day) is reported. Although the low androgen treatment slightly but significantly (P less than 0.05) stimulated tumor growth, concomitant est...

The mechanism of estrogen enhancement in the growth of androgen-dependent Shionogi carcinoma 115 (SC115) main tained in castrated DS mice by low doses of androgen (10 /ig of testosterone propionate or 4 ng of Sa-dihydrotestosterone/ mouse/day) is reported. Although the low androgen treatment slightly but significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated tumor growth, concomitant estrogen (4 ^g of 170-estradi...

BACKGROUND Steroid hormones influence mitogenic signaling pathways, apoptosis, and cell cycle checkpoints, and it has long been known that incidence of bladder cancer (BC) in men is several times greater than in women, a difference that cannot be attributed to environmental or lifestyle factors alone. Castration reduces incidence of chemically-induced BC in rodents. It is unclear if this effect...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Immune-mediated, drug-induced liver injury (DILI) triggered by drug haptens is more prevalent in women than in men. However, mechanisms responsible for this sex bias are not clear. Immune regulation by CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and 17β-estradiol is crucial in the pathogenesis of sex bias in cancer and autoimmunity. Therefore, we investigated their role in a ...

Epidemiological studies suggest an inverse association between soy intake and prostate cancer risk. Genistein, the predominant phytoestrogen in soy food, has been proposed as a potential chemopreventive agent due to its anti-estrogen and tyrosine kinase inhibitory effects. To determine the most effective period for genistein chemoprevention, the Transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) ...

Human prostatic cancer (HONDA) serially transplanted in nude mice grew well in male mice but not at all in untreated female mice or in castrated male mice. Progressive growth in female mice was obtained by i.m. administration of 1 mg of testosterone twice a week. Estradiol inhibited the growth of the tumor in male mice to some extent; however, some growth was observed. The tumor in untreated ma...

The primary and secondary immune responses to thymus-dependent and -independent antigens were evaluated in normal male and female mice and in castrated male mice. Both IgM antibody production in the primary response and IgG antibody production in the secondary response were enhanced in females vs. males of equivalent age. Castration of the male converted this animal to a female in terms of resp...