PURPOSE Choledochoduodenal fistula (CDF) is an extremely rare condition even in the most populous nations. However, diagnostic tools are inadequate for the young surgeon to be made aware of such a rare condition before surgery. Hence, basic understanding of the epidemiology, etiology, and management for this unusual but discoverable condition are necessary and essential. METHODS The exclusive...

ZIP (ZRT/IRT-like Protein) and CDF (Cation Diffusion Facilitator) are two large metal transporter families mainly transporting zinc into and out of the cytosol. Several ZIP and CDF transporters have been characterized in mammals and various model organisms, such as yeast, nematode, fruit fly, and zebrafish, and many candidate genes have been identified by genome projects. Unexpected functions o...

We report on initial experience with the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) Layer 00 Detector. Layer 00 is an innovative, low-mass, silicon detector installed in CDF during the upgrade for Run 2A of the Tevatron. Noise pickup present during operation at CDF is discussed. An event-by-event pedestal correction implemented by CDF is presented. This off-line solution prevents L00 from being used i...

We present a routinized and reliable method to obtain source catalogs from the $\textit{Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array}$ ($\textit{NuSTAR}$) extragalactic surveys of Extended $\textit{Chandra}$ Deep Field-South (E-CDF-S) Field-North (CDF-N). The $\textit{NuSTAR}$ E-CDF-S survey covers sky area $\approx30'\times30'$ maximum depth $\sim$ 230 ks corrected for vignetting in 3--24 keV band, w...

PURPOSE: Contaminants in dredged material (DM) placed in an upland situation, such as a confined disposal facility (CDF), may move from substrates into food webs because of their contact with CDF-colonizing or –inhabiting plants and animals, and therefore may cause unacceptable risks outside the CDF. The primary goal of this technical note is to provide guidance on evaluating bioaccumulation of...

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer, with 600,000 new cases every year worldwide. Although chemotherapeutics exist, five-year survival is only 50%. New strategies to overcome drug resistance are required to improve HNSCC treatment. Curcumin-difluorinated (CDF), a synthetic analog of curcumin, was packaged in liposomes and used to evaluate growth inhibit...