Background: Endocrine compounds, such as Bisphenol A (BPA), stimulate or inhibit the activities of hormones, nuclear receptors in the central nervous system, liver and other organs. They may be disposed of in the environment inadverdently around industrial sites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of BPA on human lymphocytes in culture at varying concentrations. Method...

Technologically-relevant levels of Ge can be incorporated into cell wall silica of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana with no aberration in structure at low levels, whereas higher levels alter structure.

PURPOSE Adaptive optics systems can be used to investigate the potential visual benefit associated with correcting ocular wave-front aberration. In this study, adaptive optics techniques were used to evaluate the potential advantages and disadvantages associated with intraocular lenses (IOLs) with modified spherical aberration profiles. METHODS An adaptive optics vision simulator was construc...

PURPOSE To use a large wave-front database of a clinical population to investigate relationships between refractions and higher-order aberrations and between aberrations of right and left eyes. METHODS Third- and fourth-order aberration coefficients and higher-order root-mean-squared aberrations (HO RMS), scaled to a pupil size of 4.5-mm diameter, were analyzed in a population of approximatel...

Control of chromatic aberration through purely optical means is well known. We present a novel, to our knowledge, optical-digital method of controlling chromatic aberration. The optical-digital system, which incorporates a cubic phase-modulation (CPM) plate in the optical system and postprocessing of the detected image, effectively reduces a system's sensitivity to misfocus in general or axial ...

Optical disks are read out by focusing a beam of high numerical aperture (NA) through the substrate. Deviations of the thickness from the nominal value result in spherical aberration; tilting the substrate results in coma. Exact analytical expressions for the rms aberration per micrometer thickness mismatch (for spherical aberration) and per degree tilt (for coma) are derived. The paraxial esti...

The human genetic disorder ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), caused by mutation in the ATM gene, is characterized by chromosomal instability, radiosensitivity and defective cell cycle checkpoint activation. DNA double-strand breaks (dsbs) persist in A-T cells after irradiation, but the underlying defect is unclear. To investigate ATM's interactions with dsb repair pathways, we disrupted ATM along wi...

We review chromosome aberration modeling and its applications, especially to biodosimetry and to characterizing chromosome geometry. Standard results on aberration formation pathways, randomness, dose-response, proximity effects, transmissibility, kinetics, and relations to other radiobiological endpoints are summarized. We also outline recent work on graph-theoretical descriptions of aberratio...

By introducing a transformed pupil vector into the aberration expansions of an axially symmetric optical system, the aberration coefficients through third order of a pupil decentered off-axis optical system are obtained. Nodal aberration characteristics are revealed only by means of the pupil decentration vector and the aberration coefficients of the axially symmetric system, which shows great ...