Kinases can phosphorylate and regulate androgen receptor activity during prostate cancer progression. In particular, we showed that glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta phosphorylates the androgen receptor, thereby inhibiting androgen receptor-driven transcription. Conversely, the glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitor lithium chloride suppressed the glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta-mediated phosp...

transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-β) is one of the most important cytokines implicated in growth, differentiation, repair and also the pathogenesis of the lung fibrosis by its stimulatory effect on extracellular matrix deposition. pulmonary epithelial cells are considered as a source of tgf-β in lung. substance p (sp), as a neuroimmunomodulator has elevated levels in inflamed airways and alt...

the restriction enzyme ava ii detects the base change of the intervening sequence ii (ivs ii) which is used as one of the markers of β-globin gene polymorphism. this study was conducted to determine the frequency of the ava ii site on the β-globin gene among normal people and patients with sickle cell syndrome (scs) in iran. dna fragments containing the ivs ii region of the β-globin gene from 3...

Skin aging, represented by wrinkles, is caused a decrease in the dermal components such as collagen, elastin, and fibroblast. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cell-to-cell communication via cargo biomolecules cell-free manner. In previous studies, we produced mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived cargo-regulated EVs through various priming methods reported that these affect progression of dis...

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) acts through its G-protein-coupled receptor to enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. This is believed to result from modulation of at least two ion channels: ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels and voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels. Here, we report that GLP-1 receptor signaling also regulates the activity of beta-cell voltage-d...

The ability of single subunit chimeric receptors containing various integrin beta intracellular domains to mimic and/or inhibit endogenous integrin function was examined. Chimeric receptors consisting of the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the small subunit of the human interleukin-2 receptor connected to either the beta 1, beta 3, beta 3B, or beta 5 intracellular domain were transie...

Loss of sensitivity to growth inhibition by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is a phenomenon often observed in human epithelial tumor cells and is linked to malignant progression. We tested a panel of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and -negative breast cell lines for their sensitivity to TGF-beta and a related member of the TGF-beta superfamily, activin. Both TGF-beta-sensitive (MCF7, Hs5...

Intracellular signals emanating from cytokine and antigen receptors are integrated during the process of intrathymic development. Still, the relative contributions of cytokine receptor signaling to pre-T cell receptor (TCR) and TCR-mediated differentiation remain undefined. Interleukin (IL)-7 interactions with its cognate receptor complex (IL-7Ralpha coupled to the common cytokine receptor gamm...

Prolonged exposure of cells or tissues to drugs or hormones such as catecholamines leads to a state of refractoriness to further stimulation by that agent, known as homologous desensitization. In the case of the beta-adrenergic receptor coupled to adenylate cyclase, this process has been shown to be intimately associated with the sequestration of the receptors from the cell surface through a cA...

background: considering that cannabinoids protect neurons against neurodegeneration, in this study, the neuroprotective effect of win55,212-2 in paraoxon induced neurotoxicity in pc12 cells and the role of the n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor were evaluated. materials and methods: in this study pc12 cells were maintained in dulbecco's modified eagle’s medium (dmem+f12) culture medium supple...