conclusions post-vaccination encephalomyelitis is a very rare side effect of mencevax acwy. introduction post-vaccination encephalomyelitis is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. it is triggered by certain vaccines. the diagnosis of post-vaccination encephalomyelitis depends on the close temporal relationship between vaccination and clinical presentation. case presentation w...

background: diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive deficits in humans and animals. these deficits are paralleled by neurophysiological and structural changes in brain. in diabetic animals, impairments of spatial learning, memory, and cognition occur in association with distinct changes in hippocampus, a key brain area for many forms of learning and memory and are particularly sensitive ...

conclusions considering that neuronal function highly depends on environmental conditions, any adverse alteration may affect the function and morphology of neurons. in this regard, our results showed the adverse effects of protein malnutrition on the morphology of the purkinje cells of cerebellum. results the low-protein group did not gain weight as much as control group (p < 0.05). the diamete...

Venous angiomas were found to be the most common cerebral vascular malformations, composing 63% of such lesions in two autopsy series. Annual bleeding risk associated with venous angiomas is about 0.22 % per year. Venous angiomas are generally silent lesions because of their dynamic features, and are low flow and low pressure vascular structures draining normal brain tissue. An angioma rarely c...

A rare case of persistent intractable hiccup as presenting symptom of cavernous angioma in the medulla oblongata is reported. Pathophysiologic hypotheses about the triggering mechanism of hiccup are discussed, with special reference to the causes affecting the central nervous system. A review of the literature concerning medullary lesions presenting with persistent hiccup is also reported. Fina...

introductioin Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM), also known as cavernous angioma, is a type of vascular malformation in the central nervous system. To date, rare cases of CCM and seizure have been reported in pregnancies. Nowadays, the management of such condition in pregnancy is still a challenge due to lacking of experiences. We presented a case of pregnant woman with CCM combined with ep...

The Brain in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia • While neurological symptoms are often mentioned in reports of families with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and are frequently assumed to be due to vascular anomalies of the central nervous system, documentation of such anomalies is surprisingly rare. Two cases of surgically treated symptomatic cerebral vascular malformations in H...

conclusions ica with trigeminal neuralgia and local neuropathic itch is very rarely encountered in clinical practice. as it is not always diagnosed at first, some patients miss the best treatment period. therefore, we call for emphasis to be placed on early diagnosis and timely surgical treatment. introduction intramedullary cavernous angioma (ica) is a rare lesion of the spinal cord, represent...

Besides being a metabolite of nucleotides like ATP, adenosine is a mediator of neuronal function in the central nervous system. Its actions are mediated by at least three extracellular receptors. In this review different aspects of adenosine such as biosynthesis, release, inactivation and its receptors are discussed. It also covers pre- and postsynaptic effects as well as postreceptor mecha...