The effect of methamphetamine (MA) dependence on the structure of the human brain has not been extensively studied, especially in active users. Previous studies reported cortical deficits and striatal gains in grey matter (GM) volume of abstinent MA abusers compared with control participants. This study aimed to investigate structural GM changes in the brains of 17 active MA-dependent participa...

objective: this study was conducted to determine the changes in the insular cortex in alcohol dependent subjects, and to compare the same with controls, the associated clinical findings. methods: the study group consisted of 30 subjects with alcohol dependence syndrome (ads) selected randomly from the out patient services of the department of psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital. the control ...

Repeated high doses (25 and 100 mg/kg) of methylamphetamine produce long-term depletions of both dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the rat brain. In the DA system, depletions are most pronounced in the neostriatum and substantia nigra, with decreased levels in these two regions being significantly correlated. Within the 5-HT system, levels are most reduced in the amygdala, frontal cortex an...

The use of the recreational drug crystal methamphetamine among younger homosexual men is expanding, and with it, unsafe sex behaviors that increase the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This article reviews available literature on the medical and psychiatric morbidities associated with methamphetamine abuse in HIV-infected patients. Medical complications include hypertension, ...

background: leukemia inhibitory factor (lif) is a neurortophic cytokine which plays an important role in the neural cell survival. expression of lif and its receptor, lifr, in different brain regions has been demonstrated. based on evidences lif plays an important role in the modulation of neurogenesis and glial responses to injury. up-regulation of lif after central nervous system (cns) damage...

Methamphetamine (MA) is associated with behavioral and cognitive deficits that may be related to macrostructural abnormalities. Quantitative anatomical comparisons between controls and methamphetamine-dependent individuals have produced conflicting results. We examined local and global differences in brain structure in 61 abstinent methamphetamine-dependent individuals and 44 controls with voxe...

Methamphetamine (METH) is a synthetic drug with severe neurotoxicity, however, the regulation of METH-induced neuronal programmed necrosis remains poorly understood. The aim this study was to identify molecular mechanisms necrosis. We found that occurred in striatum brain samples from human and mice were exposed METH. receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) highly expressed neurons METH, R...

The developmental neurotoxicity of phenytoin, isotretinoin, and methamphetamine has been reviewed to illustrate effects from both therapeutic and illicit drugs to which people are exposed and which either induce or show the potential for inducing learning disabilities following in utero exposure. In each case both human and experimental animal data are presented and compared where possible. The...

OBJECTIVE The authors examined the separate and combined effects of methamphetamine dependence and HIV infection on brain morphology. METHOD Morphometric measures obtained from magnetic resonance imaging of methamphetamine-dependent and/or HIV-positive participants and their appropriate age- and education-matched comparison groups were analyzed. Main effects of age, HIV infection, methampheta...

Increasing evidence implicates apoptosis as a major mechanism of cell death in methamphetamine (METH) neurotoxicity. The involvement of a neuroimmune component in apoptotic cell death after injury or chemical damage suggests that cytokines may play a role in METH effects. In the present study, we examined if the absence of IL-6 in knockout (IL-6-/-) mice could provide protection against METH-in...