results pain scores, analgesic requirements assessed at 24 hours and operation duration were significantly lower in the non-closure group as compared to the closure group. febrile conditions and changes in hemoglobin levels were similar in both groups. conclusions non-closure of both visceral and the parietal peritoneum when performing a cs produces a significant reduction in pain, fewer analge...

BACKGROUND External cephalic version (ECV) is infrequently performed and 98% of breech presenting fetuses are delivered surgically. Neuraxial analgesia can increase the success rate of ECV significantly, potentially reducing cesarean delivery rates for breech presentation. The current study aims to determine whether the additional cost to the hospital of spinal anesthesia for ECV is offset by c...

OBJECTIVE To estimate trends and risk factors for cesarean delivery for twins in the United States. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which we calculated cesarean delivery rates for twins from 1995 to 2008 using National Center for Health Statistics data. We compared cesarean delivery rates by year and for vertex compared with breech presentation. The order of presentation for a giv...

IMPORTANCE Based on older analyses, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that cesarean delivery rates should not exceed 10 to 15 per 100 live births to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes. OBJECTIVES To estimate the contemporary relationship between national levels of cesarean delivery and maternal and neonatal mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional, ecol...

BACKGROUND Cesarean delivery rates are increasing rapidly in many developing countries, particularly among wealthy women. Poor women have lower rates, often so low that they do not reach the minimum rate of 1 percent. Little data are available on clinical indications for cesarean section, information that could assist in understanding why cesarean delivery rates have changed. This paper present...

In 2004 Mark Landon and his colleagues in the United States published ?Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes Associated with a Trial of Labor after Prior Cesarean Delivery,? which compared the risks of vaginal delivery and cesarean section for delivery of a fetus [2] after a previous cesarean delivery. During a cesarean section, a physician surgically removes a fetus [2] from a pregnant woman through...

OBJECTIVE A continuous rise in the rate of cesarean delivery has been reported in many countries during the past decades. This trend has prompted the emergence of a controversial debate on the risks and benefits associated with cesarean delivery. Our objective was to provide a valid estimate of the risk of postpartum maternal death directly associated with cesarean as compared with vaginal deli...

KEY FINDINGS Data from the natality data file, national vital statistics system. After 12 years of consecutive increases, the preliminary cesarean delivery rate among singleton births was unchanged from 2009 to 2011 (31.3%). Cesarean delivery rates decreased more than 5% among births at 38 weeks of gestation, but increased 4% among births at 39 weeks. Decreases in cesarean delivery rates for bi...

OBJECTIVES To characterize the indications for primary cesarean delivery in a large national cohort and to identify opportunities to lower the U.S. primary cesarean delivery rate. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of the 38,484 primary cesarean deliveries among the 228,562 deliveries at sites participating in the Consortium on Safe Labor from 2002 to 2008. RESULTS The primary cesarean de...