Complexes constructed from chains of p-subgroups of a group G provide valuable tools in group theory, for the understanding of p-local structure, in algebraic topology, for the study of classifying spaces and mod-p group cohomology through homology decompositions, and in modular representation theory, where the Lefschetz module associated to the complex of all nonidentity p-subgroups can be reg...

Let G be a group with the property that there are no infinite descending chains of non-subnormal subgroups of G for which all successive indices are infinite. The main result is that if G is a locally (soluble-by-finite) group with this property then either G has all subgroups subnormal or G is a soluble-by-finite minimax group. This result fills a gap left in an earlier paper by the same autho...

Rheumatoid factors (RFs) in humans have been studied intensively because of their association with autoimmune and lymphoproliferative diseases. Many human IgM-RFs express cross-reactive idiotypes (CRIs) and have homologous light chains, some of which are encoded by a single V kappa gene, termed V kappa 325. However, although antibody activity generally requires the interaction between heavy and...

the aim this research is the diagnosis of production chains in oil’s regions of iran. for this reason, by using, input-output table for oil’s regions of iran,linkages and production chains are identified. the results of research indicate that although oil and natural gas sectors contain 50 percent of region’s output, but it is not a leading sector. in contrast, manufacturing of species of machi...

We propose a formulation capable of measuring the complexity of kinematic chains at the conceptual stage in robot design. First, the complexity of the three basic lower kinematic pairs, the revolute, the prismatic and the cylindrical pairs, is proposed. Then, a formulation of the complexity of kinematic chains is introduced. Next, the complexity of the basic displacement subgroups generated by ...

Using a panel of antibodies specific for H and L chain variable region subgroups, a panel of human monoclonal cold agglutinin (CA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) autoantibodies were analyzed. The vast majority of the two types of autoantibodies utilized VkIII L chains, many of which probably derive from the Humkv325 gene. However, while most RFs (77%) utilized VHI H chains, all the CAs used VHII su...

Most studies using rabbit or mouse antisera failed to detect CRI between human IgM directed to MAG. We show here that 9 of 10 such IgM express a public CRI as defined by a nonhuman primate antiserum. Shared idiotype is likely involved in (or close to) the combining site of those IgM since antiidiotypic serum inhibited the binding of IgM to MAG and reacted with IgM having different variable regi...

Serological test systems were established for determining the heavy-chain variable region (Vh) subgroups of immunoglobulin heavy chains. Myeloma proteins with known Vh subgroups based on amino acid sequence were utilized as the primary basis of reference for analysis by hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition. Good agreement between the chemical and serological typing was obtained and ...

in this paper, the competition between two supply chains and their elements is studied. each chain consisted of a manufacturer and a distributor and the two chains compete in a market with single type of customer sensitive to price and delivery time. therefore, this is a two-supply chain game and during the competition between two supply chains, elements of each supply chain (manufacturer and/o...

Agglutinating substances having characteristics of naturally occurring macroglobulin antibodies to human Bence Jones proteins have been identified in human sera. By means of hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition techniques, common determinants have been demonstrated on the light (L) polypeptide chains of pooled normal human gamma(2)-globulin and on some Bence Jones proteins of group ...