This paper presents a taxonomy of 19 cognitive criteria for judging what constitutes effective representational systems, particularly for knowledge rich topics. Two classes of cognitive criteria are discussed. The first concerns access to concepts by reading and making inferences from external representations. The second class addresses the generation and manipulation of external representation...

Background & Aim:The genus Salvia (commonly known as sage) is a broad genus belonging to the family Lamiaceae. This study is aimed at assessing the essential oil composition and antimicrobial activities of two Salvia species. Experimental: The chemical composition of the essential oils of Salvia officinalis L. and Sa...

Running droplets have been studied recent years as dissipative macroscopic structures with locomotive capability, a characteristic of which is shared with biological systems. We constructed a numerical model of a droplet that integrates fluid dynamics and chemical reaction. Our results show that the chemical gradient generates droplet’s motion, accompanied with convection flow. This convection ...