The coral-bleaching bacterium Vibrio shiloi biosynthesizes and secretes an extracellular peptide, referred to as toxin P, which inhibits photosynthesis of coral symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae). Toxin P was produced during the stationary phase when the bacterium was grown on peptone or Casamino Acids media at 29 degrees C. Glycerol inhibited the production of toxin P. Toxin P was purified to hom...

Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin is a membrane-damaging exoprotein that oligomerizes to form transmembrane pores. Chemical modification of histidines with diethylpyrocarbonate has been shown to reduce the hemolytic activity of alpha-toxin, suggesting that one or more of the histidine residues is important for toxin function. To individually assess the functional importance of each of the four ...

1. Both diphtheria and tetanus toxin and their antitoxins arc electro-positive, that is, they pass to the cathode under the influence of an electric current. 2. The character of the charge is not altered by a change in the reaction of the solvent. 3. The combination of toxin and antitoxin would seem to represent not a true chemical reaction but the adsorption of one colloid by another.

Fusarium is a fungus that is commonly found as saprophytes with parasitic life on some living organisms. Mycoprotein or fungus proteins with physical and chemical features are known as food in recent years. When they are involved in temperature and wet stress, release materials such as mycotoxins or fungus toxins remained in food. Zearalenone and dependent compounds have distinct role in many f...

Abstract Insect pests are a major cause of crop losses worldwide, with an estimated economic cost $470 billion annually. Biotechnological tools have been introduced to control such insects without the need for chemical pesticides; instance, development transgenic plants harbouring genes encoding insecticidal proteins. The Vip3 (vegetative protein 3) family proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis c...

The mechanism by which pertussis toxin induces morphological changes in Chinese hamster ovary cells was studied to determine whether the resulting clustered growth pattern is due to toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of a cellular substrate. While pertussis toxin was extremely potent in inducing morphological changes in Chinese hamster ovary cells, preparations of isolated A subunit or B oligomer...

Diphtheria toxin has been identified as a typical heat-coagulable protein (Eaton 1936 a, 1937; Pappenheimer 1937). If other toxins have chemical properties similar to diphtheria toxin, they might be isolated by similar methods. Using a gelatin hydrolysate medium, Pappenheimer and Johnson (1936, 1937) have produced diphtheria toxin which may be obtained in a relatively pure state by simple fract...

fusarium is a fungus that is commonly found as saprophytes with parasitic life on some living organisms. mycoprotein or fungus proteins with physical and chemical features are known as food in recent years. when they are involved in temperature and wet stress, release materials such as mycotoxins or fungus toxins remained in food. zearalenone and dependent compounds have distinct role in many f...

Xxomnuoehemical Studies on the Tryptophan-modified 'ýobrotoxin The two-dimensional structure of cobrotoxin has recently been established and permits a study of structure-activi~ty i-elatioziships. Preceding studies on the chemical modification of c:Dbrotoxin nuggested that either the intact Tyr-25, Lys-47, or* G'>1-2*: is essential for full activity of the toxin. The importance -,f the sin~le T...