Miners [34, 26]. You are standing in front of two mine shafts (A and B). Flood waters are approaching. You know that ten miners are in one of the shafts, but you don’t know which (e.g., their location was determined by the result of a fair coin toss). You have enough sand bags to block one of the shafts. If the miners are in A, then blocking A saves all 10 miners (and, hence, minimizes disutili...

To assess the prevalence of malaria among illegal gold miners in the French Guiana rainforest, we screened 205 miners during May-June 2014. Malaria prevalence was 48.3%; 48.5% of cases were asymptomatic. Patients reported self-medication with artemisinin-based combination therapy. Risk for emergence and spread of artemisinin resistance among gold miners in the rainforest is high.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the level of exposure of mercury (Hg) miners and smelter workers to elemental mercury (Hg(0)) vapor in China, who work in Hg mines without using protective equipment against Hg(0) vapor. In addition, the level of methylmercury (MeHg) intake by the workers was estimated from the MeHg concentration in their hair. METHODS Urinary total mercury (TH...

Recent data from deep uranium mines in Czechoslovakia indicated that in addition to radon daughter products, miners are also exposed to chemical mutagens. Mycotoxins were identified as a possible source of mutagenicity present in the mines. Various methods of biomonitoring were used to examine three groups of miners from different uranium mines. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral lymphocytes, u...

While working underground, miners are exposed to a number of risk factors that have a negative impact on their health and may be a cause of an increased mortality in miners. The aim of the study was to compare total and specific mortality in black coal miners with acknowledged coal-workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) and without CWP, and the mortality of the general male population in the Czech Repub...

OBJECTIVE To investigate if blood Cu++/Zn++ superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and total plasma antioxidant activities could be markers of biological activity resulting from exposure to respirable coal mine dust in active miners, and of pneumoconiosis in retired miners. METHODS Blood samples were randomly obtained from active surface workers (n = 30) and underground miner...

Fractionation of the serum proteins by filter-paper electrophoresis in 14 coal-miners who had the characteristic radiological opacities of rheumatoid pneumoconiosis but no evidence of rheumatoid arthritis showed a reduction in the mean level of albumin and increases in the alpha-2 and gamma-globulins compared with the values in non-arthritic miners with simple coal-workers' pneumoconiosis and i...

We present three smart contracts that allow a briber to fairly exchange bribes to miners who pursue a mining strategy benefiting the briber. The first contract, CensorshipCon, highlights that Ethereum’s uncle block reward policy can directly subsidise the cost of bribing miners. The second contract, HistoryRevisionCon, rewards miners via an in-band payment for reversing transactions or enforcin...

The purpose of this study was to determine physical fitness level of lignite miners in the Czech Republic. The authors have examined a representative group of 152 active lignite miners by bicycle spiroergometry. The duration of employment in coal mines ranged between 5 and 32 years. The average age was 43.1 •} 4.7 years. The miners had an average peak oxygen consumption 2.9 •} 0.5 1.min-1, corr...

OBJECTIVE To assess HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence and associated risk factors among miners in Yunnan, China. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1798 miners in 2 townships of Gejiu City, Yunnan, from March to May 2006. Standardized interviewer-administered questionnaires were completed and specimens collected for HIV/STI testing. RESULTS The prevalence ...