Activated phagocytes produce the highly reactive oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl) via the myeloperoxidase-catalysed reaction of hydrogen peroxide with chloride ions. HOCl reacts readily with a number of susceptible targets on apolipoprotein B-100 of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), resulting in uncontrolled uptake of HOCl-modified LDL by macrophages. We have investigated the effects of vitamin C ...

The highly toxic curraremimetic and cholinergic neuron marker (-)-5-iodobenzovesamicol (IBVM) has been labeled with iodine-125 and iodine-123. [125I]IBVM, suitable for animal distribution and ex vivo autoradiographic studies, was synthesized by solid-state exchange; isolated yields were 65-89% with specific activities in the range of 130-200 Ci/mmol. The synthesis of no-carrier-added (-)-5-[125...

Interactions between copper and chlorine disinfectants were examined from the perspective of disinfectant decay and copper pitting corrosion. Sparingly soluble cupric hydroxide catalyzed the rapid decay of free chlorine, which in turn, led to production of less soluble and more crystalline phases of cupric hydroxide. The catalytic activity of the cupric hydroxide was retained over multiple cycl...

beta 1-Bungarotoxin consists of a phospholipase A2 subunit and a non-phospholipase A2 subunit. The toxin was oxidized with a 100-fold molar excess of chloramine T with respect to the methionine content of the protein in 0.1 M Tris/HCl at pH 8.5 and at room temperature. Reactivities of the two methionine (Met-6 and Met-8 of the phospholipase A2 subunit), five histidine, 14 tyrosine and one trypt...

Many natural and engineered biofilm systems periodically face disturbances. Here we present how the recovery time of a biofilm between disturbances (expressed as disturbance frequency) shapes the development of morphology and community structure in a multi-species biofilm at the landscape scale. It was hypothesized that a high disturbance frequency favors the development of a stable adapted bio...

Although it has been recently shown by the use of H nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) spectroscopy that enzymatically formed hypochlorous acid (HOCl/Cl) reacts with carbohydrates containing N-acetyl groups under the formation of acetate and presumably chloramines, mechanistical aspects of this reaction remain unknown. Since NMR spectroscopy suffers a lot from low sensitivity especially toward ...