Benzodiazepine (lorazepam, estazolam, chlordiazepoxide, and ketazolam) stability was studied in postmortem blood, bile, and vitreous humor stored at different temperatures over six months. The influence of NaF, in blood and bile samples, was also investigated. A solid-phase extraction technique was used on all the studied samples, and benzodiazepine quantification was performed by high-performa...

Differential degree of tolerance has been reported to develop for anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant effects of benzodiazepines (BZDs). Acute treatment with BZDs reportedly reduces the formation of gastric stress ulcers and attenuates stress-induced immunosuppression. The present study investigates whether tolerance develops to these antistress effects of BZDs by using diazep...

A binary mixture of amitriptyline HCl and chlordiazepoxide was determined by three different methods. The first method involved determination of amitriptyline HCl and chlordiazepoxide using the first derivative spectrophotometric technique at 219 and 230 nm over the concentration ranges of 1-20 and 2-24 mug/ml with mean accuracies 100.9+/-0.87 and 99.2+/-1.0%, respectively. The second method wa...

The so-called anxiolytic and anxiogenic drugs are considered to cause, respectively, increases and decreases in plus-maze open arm exploration, without modifying locomotor activity occurring in the closed arms in an elevated plus-maze when the animals are tested in an illuminated environment. Simply testing animals in the dark also increases open arm exploration, which may be interpreted as an ...

New chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (Ch-Cl) ion-selective electrodes (conventional type) based on ion associates, chlordiazepoxidium-phosphomolybdate (I) and chlordiazepoxidium-phosphotungstate (II), were prepared. The electrodes exhibited mean slopes of calibration graphs of 59.4 mV and 60.8 mV per decade of (Ch-Cl) concentration at 25 degrees C for electrodes (I) and (II), respectively. Both e...

Rats increased preference for ethanol after sessions of appetitive extinction, but not after acquisition (reinforced) sessions (Manzo et al., 2014). Drinking was not influenced by appetitive extinction in control groups with postsession access to water, rather than ethanol. Because ethanol has anxiolytic properties in tasks involving reward loss, these results were interpreted as anti-anxiety s...

The effects of the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 20 mg kg-1 after "general anaesthetic" doses of several benzodiazepines were studied in mice, in order to determine if the effects of the latter were attributable to an action at benzodiazepine receptors. Male CDI mice were used and the end-points for anaesthesia were loss of the righting reflex and loss of the foot pinch reflex. The effec...