Recent research into the generation of hyperalgesia has revealed that both the excitability of peripheral nociceptors and the transmission of their afferent signals in the spinal cord are subject to modulation by Cl(-) currents. The underlying Cl(-) homeostasis of nociceptive neurons, in particular its postnatal maturation, is, however, poorly understood. Here we measure the intracellular Cl(-)...

A chloride current, I(Cl,H), slowly activating on hyperpolarisation was investigated in Drosophila melanogaster larval muscles using the two-electrode voltage clamp. Sizeable currents were observed after the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) had been elevated by diffusion of Cl- from the electrodes. The time course of I(Cl,H) was rather variable and required two exponentials to be a...

The oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII) requires chloride as a critical cofactor. The Cl content of PSII was determined to be 1 Cl/PSII by the AgCl colloid assay. The dissociation constant for Cl in NaCl-washed PSII was determined using the Cl sensitive microelectrode. Two classes of Cl binding sites were found with Kd values of 53 μM and 4.2 mM. The effects of anions on the ...

In the title mol-ecular salt, (C(4)H(10)NO)(2)[CoCl(4)], the morpholinium cations adopt chair conformations and the tetra-chloridocobaltate(II) anion is significantly distorted from regular tetra-hedral geometry [Cl-Co-Cl = 102.183 (19)-117.59 (2)°]. The Co-Cl bond lengths for the chloride ions not accepting hydrogen bonds are significantly shorter than those for the chloride ions accepting suc...

The crystal structure of the title compound, C(12)H(22)N(+)·Cl(-)·0.1H(2)O, consists of (3,5-dimethyl-1-adamantyl)ammonium chloride (memanti-nium chloride) and uncoordinated water mol-ecules. The four six-membered rings of the memanti-nium cation assume typical chair conformations. The Cl(-) counter-anion links with the memanti-nium cation via N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding, forming channels where the...

In the title compound, alternatively called xylazine hydro-chloride monohydrate, C(12)H(17)N(2)S(+)·Cl(-)·H(2)O, the six-membered thia-zine ring is in a half-chair conformation. In the crystal structure, six component centrosymmetric clusters are formed via inter-molecular O-H⋯Cl, N-H⋯O and N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds involving xylazine cations, chloride anions and water mol-ecules.

Pharmaceutical products that are contaminated with Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) bacteria may pose serious consequences to vulnerable patients. Benzyldimethylalkylammonium chloride (BZK) cationic surfactants are extensively used in medical applications and have been implicated in the coselection of antimicrobial resistance. The ability of BCC to degrade BZK, tetradecyldimethylbenzylammoniu...

CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Cl(x) perovskites enable fabrication of highly efficient solar cells. Chloride ions benefit the morphology, carrier diffusion length, and stability of perovskite films; however, whether those benefits stem from the presence of Cl(-) in the precursor solution or from their incorporation in annealed films is debated. In this work, the photothermal-induced resonance, an in situ techn...

The cerebrovascular remodeling is a prominent feature of hypertension and considered a major risk factor for stroke. Cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells meet volume challenge during this pathophysiological process. Our previous studies suggest that volume regulated chloride channels may be critical to the cell cycle of vascular smooth muscle cells. However, it is unknown whether the volume-regu...

Dissociation of the C–Cl bonds in straight chain alkyl chlorides (CH3(CH2)nCl, n= 0–5) adsorbed on the Pd(111) surface has been investigated using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). Short chain alkyl chlorides adsorbed on the Pd(111) surface at low temperatures desorb during heating because the intrinsic activation energy for C–Cl bond cleavage (...