The proteins of prolamellar bodies of etioplasts and of thylakoid membranes of greening and mature chloroplasts from Zea mays were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three classes of proteins were distinguished: those present in etioplasts and disappearing during greening, those absent in etioplasts and appearing during greening, and those present in both et...

A homologue of the 70-kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp70) was purified from pumpkin chloroplasts. The molecular mass of the purified protein was approximately 75 kDa and its N-terminal amino acid sequence was very similar to those of homologues of Hsp70 from bacterial cells and from the mitochondrial matrix and stroma of pea chloroplasts. The purified homologue of Hsp70 was found in the stroma of ch...

Photosynthetically active chloroplasts retaining high rates of fatty acid synthesis from [1-(14)C]acetate were purified from leaves of both 16:3 (Solanum nodiflorum, Chenopodium album) and 18:3 plants (Amaranthus lividus, Pisum sativum). A comparison of lipids into which newly synthesized fatty acids were incorporated revealed that, in 18:3 chloroplasts, enzymic activities catalyzing the conver...

Cobalamin is essentially required for growth by Euglena gracilis and shown to be converted to coenzyme forms promptly after feeding cyanocobalamin. Concentrations of coenzymes, methylcobalamin, and 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin, reached about 1 femtomole/10(6) cells 2 hours after feeding cyanocobalamin to cobalamin-limited cells. Cobalamins all were bound to proteins in Euglena cells and located in...

A vena sativa , Chloroplasts, Protoplasts, Sulfite Efflux, Sulfite Uptake Processes of J5S-labelled sulfite uptake and efflux by oat protoplasts and their chloroplasts are very rapid: during the first minutes (or perhaps even seconds) after sulfite supply a state of equilibrium is established between the protoplasts and their chloroplasts and the incubation medium. Bicarbonate concentrations ra...

Chloroplasts are plant-specific organelles that perform photosynthesis and responsible for the world’s primary productivity. Using light energy, chloroplasts produce many important products, including starch, amino acids, lipids, pigments and various secondary products. Therefore, chloroplasts are essential to the lives of all plants and animals alike. Chloroplast transformation is a unique tec...

The DNA in isolated chloroplasts was visualized by the fluorescent probe 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). When excited with light of 360 nm, the DNA-DAPI complex fluoresces brilliantly at 450 nm. Nuclei also fluoresce but their nucleoli do not. RNase and Pronase treatment of chloroplasts did not affect the fluorescence but both pre- and posttreatment of DAPI-stained chloroplasts with DNase ...

By using different pH indicators it is possible to demonstrate, in the presence or absence of phosphorylation, the existence of two compartments in chloroplasts, one of which becomes more acidic and the other more basic during electron flow. The observed magnitude of the pH differential between these two compartments is over 1.5 pH units. Cations, such as NHI+, N-methylphenazonium methosulfate,...

Isocitrate dehydrogenase was found in Pisum sativum chloroplasts purified on sucrose density gradients. A chloroplast-enriched pellet obtained by differential centrifugation formed two chlorophyll-containing bands. The lower one containing intact chloroplasts had NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase and triose-phosphate isomerase activities. Mitochondria and peroxisomes were observed to band ...

Highly purified intact chloroplasts were isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves by free flow electrophoresis. Morphological and biochemical studies showed that the fraction enriched in intact chloroplasts has a higher protein to chlorophyll ratio and a higher linolenic acid content than the broken organelles of the other fraction. The intact chloroplasts prepared by electrophoresis...