The determination of a baby’s sex begins at the chromosomal level with the insemination of the ovum. Further sexual differentiation follows during the subsequent embryogenesis. However, chromosomal anomalies, gene mutations, and other exogenous or endogenous factors can cause disorders of sexual differentiation. These disorders manifest during childhood or at the latest in puberty, making patie...

Aim. Fertility disorders are one of the most common problems reproductive medicine. Chromosomal abnormalities play a crucial role in failure. The main purpose our study was to determine types and frequency chromosomal aberrations couples with history infertility. Methods. Karyotyping performed 652 failure between 2004 2022, including 203 primary infertility (PI), 240 recurrent pregnancy loss (R...

background: approximately 205 million pregnancies occur each year in the worldwide. on the other hand, spontaneous abortion has been reported in 15-20% of all diagnosed pregnancies. the most common cause of spontaneous abortion is chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo. robertsonian translocation carriers specially 21-14 are the most common balanced rearrangement among the carrier couples with...

It is known that perinatal mortality is caused in 20-25 percent of cases by inhaerited anomalies of fetuses and many of theese might be explained by genetic disorders. In general genetic disorder is a condition caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes. Chromosomes are complex bodies in cell nucleus as carriers of genes. While some diseases are due to genetic abnormalities acquired in a f...

klinefelter syndrome includes a group of chromosomal disorders with at least one  additional  x  chromosome  in  male  karyotype  (46,xy).  up  to  now, different dental manifestations such as taurodontism, congenital absence of permanent teeth, shovel incisors, occlusal anomalies and increased permanent tooth size have been reported. a case of klinefelter syndrome with very rare dental feature...

The exchanges between sister chromatids were detected with the fluorescence plus Giemsa technique, in which the thymine analogue, bromodeoxyuridine, was used for DNA labelling. This method was used to examine the influence of bovine leukaemia virus on chromosomal disorders in bovine blood lymphocytes. In metaphasal chromosomes of BLV infected lymphocytes, numerous sister chromatid exchanges (SC...

Developmental delay in child with deletion of chromosome 13. Chromosomal abnormalities are generally associated with multiple congenital malformations and mental retardation. Children with more than one physical abnormality, particularly if retarded, should therefore undergo chromosomal analysis as part of their investigation. Chromosomal disorders are incurable but can be reliably detected by ...