Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways which causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough, symptoms which are usually associated with reversible airflow limitation. 2 This definition includes the recurrence of respiratory symptoms which might be otherwise classified as asthma exacerbations. However, the term asthma exacerbation is usually r...

Epidemiological studies have indicated that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be associated with an increased incidence of ischaemic cardiac events. The current authors performed a post hoc analysis of the European Respiratory Society's study on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (EUROSCOP); a 3-yr, placebo-controlled study of an inhaled corticosteroid budesonide 800 microg.da...

ABSTRACT Cigarette smoking and poor air quality are the greatest risk factors for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but growing evidence indicates that genetic also affect predisposition to clinical expression of disease. With exception α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), a rare autosomal recessive disorder is present in 1–3% individuals with COPD, no single gene associated...

  Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) secondary to sulfur mustard exposure, known as mustard lung, is an important late pulmonary complication. The BODE (Body mass index, Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise) index has been established as a valuable tool for determining the adverse consequences of COPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the BODE index in pat...

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease, and its treatment still controversial. Statins have been proven to anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory effects, but their effectiveness in the of COPD unclear. We conducted this meta-analysis more accurately evaluate therapeutic effect statins on patients.

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are highly prevalent chronic diseases in the general population. Both are characterized by similar mechanisms: airway inflammation, airway obstruction, and airway hyperresponsiveness. However, the distinction between the two obstructive diseases is not always clear. Multiple epidemiological studies demonstrate that in elderly people with o...

Little is known about causes of death in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the validity of mortality statistics in COPD. The present authors examined causes of death using data from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Of the 12,979 subjects with sufficient data from the baseline examination during 1976-1978, 6,709 died before 2001. Of these, 242 died with COPD as cause of death. Amo...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by tissue loss and a growing restriction of airflow. Due to chronic inflammation brought on extended exposure noxious particles or gases, most often cigarette smoke, it linked structural abnormalities in the lungs. Airway constriction reduction lung recoil are results inflammation. In affluent countries, majority COPD cases caused to...

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common and frequently occurring disease, which not only has higher fatality rate, but also leads to loss of labor force an obvious decrease in the quality life course long-term patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated anxiety depression are major public health problem. Objective: To investigate status anxiety, ...